GEOL 104- The Dynamic Earth Queen's U (DLM 2025) Latest Update 2025-2026 Actual Exam 330 Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor
- CORRECT ANSWER:
(Metamorphic) Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER: More pressure = flatter cleavage!
well aligned grains mean rock has undergone more pressure/metamorphism
12000 years ago - CORRECT ANSWER: quaternary glaciation became interclacial
a,a, - CORRECT ANSWER: rough lava
Abrasion - CORRECT ANSWER: 2 types:
A type of wave erosion when rock fragments are carried in water and round/smooth out
also A type of Wave erosion where waves crash into cliffs/seawalls etc
Aftershocks - CORRECT ANSWER: Adjustments after an earthquake: i.e spaghetti breaks into more than two clean pieces.
Alluvium - CORRECT ANSWER: any matter carried/moved by the river
Amorphous mineral - CORRECT ANSWER: Exception: mineral with no repeating/ordered molecular structure 1 / 4
Angle of Repose - CORRECT ANSWER: The steepest angle a slope can be without
material slipping off. Affected by saturation: dry sand is slippery, and soaked sand can
flow: but damp sand has strong cohesion and is stable.
Angular unconformity - CORRECT ANSWER: tilted strata overlain by younger sediment
Anticline - CORRECT ANSWER: A Shape
Older rock exposed at nose of fold, and younger the farther out you go
Apsidal Precession - CORRECT ANSWER: As the sun moves, earth gets dragged
along as we circle (hula hooping while walking)
21000 year cycle
Aquifer - CORRECT ANSWER: The body of water held between aquitard layers.
Aquitard - CORRECT ANSWER: An impermeable layer that hinders groundwater
movement (i.e a layer of clay within sand)
Arete - CORRECT ANSWER: steep knife edge in between two dipping cirques`
Aridisol - CORRECT ANSWER: Dry climate, thin soil layer
arryo - CORRECT ANSWER: Steep linear trough formed in flash floods
- / 4
Artesian Well - CORRECT ANSWER: A well at the bottom of a confined, angles/hill
aquifer. This puts gravitational pressure on the water moving down, so pushes groundwater out on the surface naturally- no need for manmade pressure
Aureole - CORRECT ANSWER: hot rock area surrounding magma chamber.
Axial Plane - CORRECT ANSWER: plane that divides a fold
Backswash - CORRECT ANSWER: Swash that flows back down the beach
Barchan Dune - CORRECT ANSWER: Dune tips point downwind (opens away from
wind direction)
- Hard ground
- moderate sand
- Constant wind direction
- Will merge into transverse dunes if theres enough sand
Basins - CORRECT ANSWER: Dips into ground (opposite of dome). A sincline in all
directions
Batholith - CORRECT ANSWER: THicc intrusive magma bodies
Bathymetry - CORRECT ANSWER: Elevation Changes below water
Beach Drift - CORRECT ANSWER: Zigzag wave pattern- swash comes in at angle,
backwash goes out straight
Biochemical Sedimentary Rock - CORRECT ANSWER: Carbonate sediment from a
dead organic material 3 / 4
i.e coquina: rock made of cemented shells
chert, evaporites, coal are all
Biogenic material - CORRECT ANSWER: Living organisms that have fossilized into
minerals (i.e oyster shells)
Biological Activity - CORRECT ANSWER: Humans, burrowing animals, plant roots into rock cracks. (roots can actually bind tho)
Blowouts - CORRECT ANSWER: A type of eolian (wind) erosion, a type of deflation: giant troughs blown out by wind
Brittle Zone - CORRECT ANSWER: top 50m of glacier that cracks from different ice movement speeds
Burial Metamorphism - CORRECT ANSWER: Mild rock alteration that creates zeolites (created like in deep ocean basins rather than underground)
Caldera - CORRECT ANSWER: up to 15km crater from volcano collapsing into empty
magma chamber.
can be followed by volcanic resurgence: magma chamber refills and new volcano grows (or even fills with water and makes a lake!)
Calving - CORRECT ANSWER: Breaking off of large ice pieces on a glacier.
Capillary Fringe - CORRECT ANSWER: The zone underground where groundwater
seeps up from a water table by capillary action to fill pores
- / 4