2024 VTNE Math Problems Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct
- A 20-kg patient is currently receiving 52 ml/hr of Lactated Ringer's Solution. The clinician
has requested that 2 mg/kg/day of metoclopramide be added to the bag. Metoclopramide is available as a 5 mg/ml solution. How many milli- liters do you need to add to a 1 liter bag?Answer: This is definitely a more complicated calculation question, but when broken down it is not insurmountable.A 20-kg patient will need 40 mg/day of metoclopramide (20 kg x 2 mg/kg/day)
Since the fluid is being administered at an hourly rate, we need to figure out how much metoclopramide we are administering per hour.
40 mg/day / (24 hr) = 1.7 mg/hr
To determine how much volume of metoclopramide is needed, the following math is
performed:
1.7 mg/hr / (52 ml/hr) x (1000 ml)= 32.6 mg (Notice how the units cancel out.)
32.6 mg / (5 mg/ml) = 6.5 ml
- What quantity of drug is found in 200 mLs of a 10% solution?
Answer: 20 grams
A 10% solution is equal to 100 mg/mL. The easiest way to remember this conversion is to add a zero to the percentage. (10%= 100 mg/mL, 15% = 150 mg/mL, etc.)
If 1 mL is equal to 100 mg, then to find out the quantity of drug in 200 mLs, multiply 100 mg X 200 = 20,000 mg. There are 20,000 mg in 200 mLs of a 10% solution.
But none of the choices are 20,000 mg. We need to go one step further and determine how many grams this is.
- gram is equal to 1,000 mg. We need to divide the milligrams by 1,000. So, 20,000mg / 1,000
= 20 grams.
- You want to give a pre-surgical dose of antibiotics to your patient.You have a 1 gram vial of
cefoxitin that is reconstituted with 5 mls of sterile water.You want to give a 20 mg/kg dose to a 25 kg dog. How many mls do you give?
Answer: 2.5mL
Explanation 1 / 2
The resulting concentration of the cefoxitin solution is 1gm/5ml or 200mg/ml.The desired dose is 20mg/kg x 25 kg = 500 mg 200 mg/ml x ml= 500 mg, Therefore the answer is 2.5 ml
- A 10-year-old male neutered Pug presents in respiratory distress and ap- pears to be having
an allergic reaction. He has hives and a swollen face. The doctor asks you to get epinephrine ready at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg. He weighs 9 kg. When you get the bottle of epinephrine from the refrigerator it says it is a 1:1000 solution. How many mLs will you draw up for this patient?
Answer: 0.18 mL
Explanation First you have to understand what a 1:1000 concentration means. A 1:1000 solution is the same as saying 1 gram in 1,000 mL. And we know that 1 gram is equal to 1,000 mg. So it would be
1,000 mg: 1000 mL which is the same as 1 mg/mL (when the thousands cancel out).
Next you take the patient's weight in kg X the dose: 9 kg/dog X 0.02 mg/kg (the kg cancel out) = 0.18 mg/dog
Now divide the dose by the concentration: 0.18 mg/dog x 1mg/mL (mg cancel out)
= 0.18 mL/dog
- A 38-kg Great Dane is recovering from Gastric Dilatation Volvulus surgery. The doctor
would like to send him home on Tramadol. The doctor requested that a prescription be filled out for 5 days at 3 mg/kg orally three times per day. How many pills should you send home?
Tramadol is available in 50 mg tablets. Round to the nearest whole number.
Answer: 30 tablets
the correct answer is 30 tablets:
38 kg x 3 mg/kg = 114 mg
114 mg / 50 mg = 2.28 (Rounding to the nearest whole number would be 2 tablets)
If getting 2 tablets per dose, then 6 tablets per day are needed. Five days' treatment would be 30 tablets.
- After completing a routine spay, the doctor asks you to administer 0.015 mg/kg of
buprenorphine intravenously for post operative pain. How many milliliters will you administer if it comes as a 0.3mg/ml solution and the cat weighs 6.6 lbs?
Answer: 0.15 ml
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