Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring | With complete questions and answers |
Question 1: What is the difference between hypoxemia and
hypoxia?
CORRECT ANSWER : 1 - reduce O2 in blood; 2 - reduced
O2 delivery at tissue level
Question 2: What is used to evaluate fetal acidosis?
CORRECT ANSWER : arterial umbilical cord blood
Question 3: What are the normal ranges for artery values
(fetus to placenta)?
CORRECT ANSWER : pH 7.20-7.28, pCO2 35-70, Base
excess -3 to -9
Question 4: What are the normal ranges for venous values
(placenta to fetus)?
CORRECT ANSWER : pH 7.35, pCO2 33-50, base excess -
- to -8
Question 5: What factors contribute to neonatal
encephalopathy or cerebral palsy?
CORRECT ANSWER : Data shows that intrapartum
hypoxia-ischemia is rarely sole significant contributing factor
for this. Other contributing factors include: infection,
prolonged intermittent hypoxia assoc w/subcortical and cortical or preventricular damage, acute total or near total hypoxia is assoc w/damage to midbrain and brainstem
Question 6: What is prolonged intermittent hypoxia
associated with?
CORRECT ANSWER : subcortical and cortical (term) or
perventricular (preterm) damage
Question 7: What is acute total or near total hypoxia
associated with?
CORRECT ANSWER : midbrain and brainstem
Question 8: Under what conditions can fetal hypoxemia
occur?
CORRECT ANSWER : excessive uterine contractions,
prolonged contractions without adequate resting tone or duration between contractions, abnormal uterine physiology or anatomy is present, separation of placenta and uterus (recurrent late, variable, or prolonged decels suggest this)
Question 9: What are the risk factors for late decelerations?
CORRECT ANSWER : Uteroplacental factors: tachysystole, post term, placental abruption, inadequate spiral artery
dilation r/t pre-e; Fetal factors: hypoxia, tachycardia, IUGR,
hyperthermia; Maternal factors: Inhalation: asthma, sleep
apnea; Circulation: hypotension, HTN, hypovolemia, anemia,
microvascular disease, tachycardia
Question 10: What are the risk factors for variable
decelerations?
CORRECT ANSWER : Uteroplacental: oligo, ruptured
membranes, abnormal cord insertion; Fetal factors: umbilical
cord prolapse or compression, cord stretching w/ pushing or
rapid descent, preterm; Maternal factors: positioning
Question 11: What are the risk factors for prolonged
decelerations?
CORRECT ANSWER : Uteroplacental: excessive activity, uterine rupture, abnormal placentation, hypertonic/prolonged
contractions, hypoperfusion; Fetal factors: OP position, vagal
stimulation d/t head compression and or rapid descent, cord
compression, hypoxia, acute fetal hemorrhage; Maternal:
hypotension; acute hypoxia