Cognitive Psychology Chapters 1-6 (Cognitive Psychology In and out of the Laboratory)
artificial intelligence (Ans- A branch of computer science concerned with creating computers that mimic human performance on cognitive tasks.
Association (Ans- A connection or link between two units or elements.
attention (Ans- Cognitive resources, mental effort, or concentration devoted to a cognitive process.
Behaviorism (Ans- A school of psychology that seeks to define psychological research in terms of observable measures, emphasizing the scientific study of behavior.
between-subjects design (Ans- A research paradigm in which different experimental subjects participate in different experimental conditions.
brain imaging (Ans- The construction of pictures of the anatomy and functioning of intact brains through such techniques as computerized axial tomography (CAT, or CT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
clinical interview (Ans- A research paradigm in which an investigator begins by asking participants a series of open-ended questions but follows up on the responses with specific questions that have been prepared in advance.
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cognitive neuropsychology (Ans- A school of psychology that investigates the cognitive abilities and deficits of people with damaged or otherwise unusual brain structures.
cognitive revolution (Ans- A movement in psychology that culminated after World War II, characterized by a belief in the empirical accessibility of mental states and events.
cognitive science (Ans- An interdisciplinary field drawing on research from cognitive psychology, computer science, philosophy, linguistics, neuroscience, and anthropology. The central issues addressed involve the nature of mind and cognition and how information is acquired, stored, and represented.
computer metaphor (Ans- The basis for the information processing view of the brain. Different types of psychological processes are thought to be analogous to the workings of a computer processor.
connectionism (Ans- An approach to cognition emphasizing parallel processing of information through immense networks of interconnected nodes. Models developed in the connectionist tradition are sometimes declared to share certain similarities with the way collections of neurons operate in the brain; hence, some connectionist models are referred to as neural networks.
controlled observation (Ans- A research paradigm in which an observer standardizes the conditions of observation for all participants, often introducing specific manipulations and recording responses.
decision making 2 / 3
(Ans- The process(es) by which an individual selects one course of action from among alternatives.
ecological approach (Ans- An approach to the study of cognition emphasizing the natural contexts or settings in which cognitive activities occur, and the influences such settings have in the ways in which cognitive activities are acquired, practiced, and executed.
ecological validity (Ans- A property of research such that the focus of study is something that occurs naturally outside an experimental laboratory.
Empiricism (Ans- A philosophical doctrine emphasizing the role of experience in the acquisition of knowledge.
experiment (Ans- A test of a scientific theory in which the researcher manipulates the independent variable.
experimental control (Ans- A property of research such that the causes of different behaviors or other phenomenon can be isolated and tested. Typically, this involves manipulating independent variables and holding constant all factors but the one(s) of interest.
Functionalism (Ans- A school of psychology emphasizing questions such as why the mind or a particular cognitive process works the way(s) it does.
genetic epistemology (Ans- A Piagetian approach to the study of cognitive development that emphasizes the intellectual structures underlying cognitive experience at
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