Client centered care Exam 2
GI Tract is made up of what (Ans- The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, and anus.
Accessory organs of the GI (Ans- The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Functions of the upper GI (Ans- Chewing, swallowing, and breaking down food particles.
Risk factors for oral cancer (Ans- Cigarette smoking, tobacco use, pipe smoking, excessive alcohol use, infection with HPV, and genetic predisposition
Signs and symptoms of oral cancer (Ans- Lesions on the tongue or mucosa, sores or discoloration of the lips or mouth that don't heal
treatment of oral cancer (Ans- radiation, chemotherapy, surgery that may require the creation of a tracheostomy
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Nursing care of a patient with oral cancer (Ans- Involves monitoring respiratory status, nutritional support, and comfort measures
Esophageal cancer/ gastric cancer risk factors (Ans- Smoking, excessive alcohol use
cause of esophageal cancer (Ans- Barrett esophagus
Barrett esophagus (Ans- Precancerous condition due to longstanding GERD, the constant irritation of the esophagus by stomach fluids can cause cells to become malignant.
Signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer (Ans- dysphagia, hoarseness, persistent cough, halitosis, regurgitation of foods, and weight loss.
Treatment of esophageal cancer (Ans- Endoscopic therapies and surgeries. Esophagectomy is less commonly done due to complication rate
respiratory acidosis (Ans- A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
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respiratory alkalosis (Ans- Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
metabolic acidosis (Ans- decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism
metabolic alkalosis (Ans- elevation of HCO3- usually caused by an excessive loss of metabolic acids
respiratory acidosis (Ans-
Causes: shallow, slow respirations-> Hypoventilation; respiratory
congestion or obstruction.Can be due to COPD, severe pneumonia, or excessive sedation; respiratory muscle weakness.
Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis (Ans- Hypoventilation, dyspnea, anxiety, and confusion
ABG values for respiratory acidosis (Ans- pH less than 7.35, PaCO2 greater than 45
causes of metabolic acidosis (Ans- shock, DKA, lactic acidosis, renal failure, diarrhea, and starvation
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