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CIC EXAM WITH SOLVED
SOLUTIONS
Question :Type I error
CORRECT ANSWER: :Rejecting null hypothesis when it is true
Question :Type II error
CORRECT ANSWER: :failing to reject a false null hypothesis
Question :cohort study
CORRECT ANSWER: :Follows a group of people to track risk factors and outcomes overtimeGroups are defined regarding their EXPOSURE to a factor of interest.(perspective or longitudinal studies)Followed-up to determine differences in rates at which disease develops in relation to exposure.Start with a sample of individuals with and without EXPOSURE to a potential risk factors who are followed for incidence of the outcome in each group. They can also be done retrospectively. Cohort studies have less patient selection
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and stronger evidence of causal association.Yields incidence rates, relative risk, attributable riskMore
EXPENSIVE
Question :Case-control study
CORRECT ANSWER: :Compares histories of a group of people with a condition to a group of people without the condition. Begins with the identification of individuals who have the OUTCOME of interest.After case-control status is defined, exposures are assessed and evaluated.Good for studying rare outcomes or outcomes that develop over a long time.Determine if two groups differ in exposure.(Case reference, case comparison. Or retrospective studies)Examine the population of individuals with and without an outcome of interest, study for exposure to one or more risk factors. The studies are quicker, less expensive, and easier.Generally yields only
estimate of relative risk (odds ratio).Example: Foodborne
illness investigations
Question :cross-sectional study
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CORRECT ANSWER::Assesses the prevalence of an outcome in a broad population at one point in time.Provide a "snapshot" of a population at a moment in time.Point Prevalence.(Prevalence, correlation or survey studies)Exam in the outcome and risk factors reviewed in a population group at one point in time. In the studies the outcomes are measured the incidence rate cannot be determined.
Question :case reports/series
CORRECT ANSWER: :Detailed history of a small number of individual cases
Question :quasi-experiment
CORRECT ANSWER: :Non-randomly assigned groups of patients to receive either a treatment or placebo
Question :Randomized-controlled trial
CORRECT ANSWER: :Randomly selects a group of patients to receive a treatment and Another to receive placebo
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Question :systematic review and meta-analysis
CORRECT ANSWER: :Collects all previous studies on the topic and statistically combined their results
Question :Sensitivity
CORRECT ANSWER: :The ability of a test to detect ALL TRUE cases of the disease.= (Number of true- positive results) / (the number of true-positive + false- negative results)High sensitivity = High False Positives.High sensitivity = TRUE NEGATIVES. You will not have any false negative tests.