Chapters 1 to 25 - Chapterk1kDecisionkMaking,kProblemkSolving,kCri...

Chapters 1 to 25

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TABLE kOFkCONTENT k

UNITkIkThekCriticalkTriad:kDecisionkMaking,kManagement, kandkLeadership

Chapterk1kDecisionkMaking,kProblemkSolving,kCriticalkThinking,kandkClinicalkReasoning:k RequisiteskforkSuccessfulkLeadershipkandkManagement Chapterk2kClassicalkViewskofkLeadershipkandkManagement Chapterk3kTwenty-First-CenturykThinkingkAboutkLeadershipkandkManagement

UNITkIIkFoundation kforkEffectivekLeadershipkandkManagement: kEthics,kLaw,kandkAdv ocacy Chapterk4kEthicalkIssues Chapterk5kLegalkandkLegislativekIssues Chapterk6kPatient,kSubordinate,kWorkplace,kandkProfessionalkAdvocacy

UNITkIIIkRoleskandkFunctionskinkPlanning kChapterk7kOrganizationalkPlanning kChapterk8kPlannedkChange Chapterk9kTimekManagement Chapterk10kFiscalkPlanningkandkHealthkCarekReimbursementk Chapterk11kCareerkPlanningkandkDevelopmentkinkNursing

UNITkIVkRoleskandkFunctionskinkOrganizing Chapterk12kOrganizationalkStructure Chapterk13kOrganizational,kPolitical,kandkPersonalkPowerk Chapterk14kOrganizingkPatientkCare

UNITkVkRoleskandkFunctionskinkStaffing Chapterk15kEmployeekRecruitment,kSelection,kPlacement,kandkOnboarding 2 / 10

Chapterk16kEducatingkandkSocializingkStaffkinkakLearningkOrganizationk Chapterk17kStaffingkNeedskandkSchedulingkPolicies

UNITkVIkRoleskandkFunctionskinkDirecting Chapterk18kCreatingkakMotivatingkClimate Chapterk19kOrganizational,kInterpersonal,kandkGroupkCommunicationkinkTeamkBuilding kChapterk20kDelegation Chapterk21kConflict,kWorkplacekViolence,kandkNegotiation Chapterk22kCollectivekBargaining,kUnionization,kandkEmploymentkLaws

UNITkVIIkRoleskandkFunctionskinkControlling Chapterk23kQualitykControlkinkCreatingkakCulturekofkPatientkSafetyk Chapterk24kPerformancekAppraisal Chapterk25kProblemkEmployees:kRulekBreakers,kMarginalkEmployees,kandkThosekWithkSubstanc ekUsekDisorder 3 / 10

Chapterk1kDecisionkMaking,kProblemkSolving,kCriticalkThinking,kandkClinicalkReasoning:kRequisit eskforkSuccessfulkLeadershipkandkManagement

• Whatkstatementkisktruekregardingkdecisionkmaking?
• Itkiskankanalysiskofkaksituation
• Itkiskcloselykrelatedktokevaluation
• Itkinvolveskchoosingkbetweenkcourseskofkaction
• Itkiskdependentkuponkfindingkthekcausekofkakproblem

Ans:kC

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Decisionkmakingkiskakcomplexkcognitivekprocesskoftenkdefinedkaskchoosingkakparticularkcour sekofkaction.kProblemksolvingkiskpartkofkdecisionkmakingkandkiskaksystematickprocesskthatkfoc useskonkanalyzingkakdifficultksituation.kCriticalkthinking,ksometimeskreferredktokaskreflectivekt hinking,kiskrelatedktokevaluationkandkhaskakbroaderkscopekthankdecisionkmakingkandkpro blemksolving.

• Whatkiskakweaknesskofkthektraditionalkproblem-solvingkmodel?
• Itskneedkforkimplementationktime
• Itsklackkofkakstepkrequiringkevaluationkofkresults
• Itskfailurektokgatherksufficientkdata
• Itskfailurektokevaluatekalternatives

Ans:kA

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Thektraditionalkproblem- solvingkmodelkisklesskeffectivekwhenktimekconstraintskarekakconsideration.kDecisionkmakingk cankoccurkwithoutkthekfullkanalysiskrequiredkinkproblemksolving.kBecausekproblemksolNvingka ttemptsktokidentifykthekrootkproblemkinksituations,kmuchktimekandkenergykarekspentkonkident ifyingkthekrealkproblem.

• Whichkofkthekfollowingkstatementskisktruekregardingkdecisionkmaking?
• Scientifickmethodskprovidekidenticalkdecisionskbykdifferentkindividualskforkthek

samekproblems

• Decisionskarekgreatlykinfluencedkbykeachkperson'skvalueksystem
• Personalkbeliefskcankbekadjustedkforkwhenkthekscientifickapproachktokproblemks

olvingkiskused

• Pastkexperiencekhasklittlektokdokwithkthekqualitykofkthekdecision

Ans:kB

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Values,klifekexperience,kindividualkpreference,kandkindividualkwayskofkthinkingkwillkinflue ncekakperson'skdecisionkmaking.kNokmatterkhowkobjectivekthekcriteriakwillkbe,kvaluekjudgmen tskwillkalwayskplaykakpartkinkakperson'skdecisionkmaking,keitherkconsciouslykorksubconsciousl

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• Whatkinfluenceskthekqualitykofkakdecisionkmostkoften?
• Thekdecisionkmaker'skimmediateksuperior
• Thektypekofkdecisionkthatkneedsktokbekmade
• Questionskaskedkandkalternativeskgenerated
• Thektimekofkdaykthekdecisionkiskmade

Ans:kC

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Thekgreaterktheknumberkofkalternativeskthatkcankbekgeneratedkbykthekdecisionkmaker,kthekbe tterkthekfinalkdecisionkwillkbe.kThekalternativeskgeneratedkandkthekfinalkchoiceskareklimite dkbykeachkperson'skvalueksystem.

• Whatkdoeskknowledgekaboutkgoodkdecisionkmakingkleadkonektokbelieve?
• Goodkdecisionkmakerskarekusuallykright-brain,kintuitivekthinkers
• Effectivekdecisionkmakerskareksensitivektoktheksituationkandktokothers
• Goodkdecisionskarekusuallykmadekbykleft-brain,klogicalkthinkers
• Goodkdecisionkmakingkrequireskanalyticalkratherkthankcreativekprocesses

Ans:kB

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Goodkdecisionkmakerskseemktokhavekantennaekthatkmakekthemkparticularlyksensitivektokoth erkpeoplekandksituations.kLeft- brainkthinkerskarektypicallykbetterkatkprocessingklanguage,klogic,knumbers,kandksequentialk ordering,kwhereaskright-brainkthinkerskexcelkatknonverbalkideationkandkholisticksynthesizing.N

• Whatkiskthekbestkdefinitionkofkdecisionkmaking?
• Thekplanningkprocesskofkmanagement
• Thekevaluationkphasekofkthekexecutivekrole
• Onekstepkinkthekproblem-solvingkprocess
• Requiredktokjustifykthekneedkforkscarcekitems

Ans:kC

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Decisionkmakingkiskakcomplex,kcognitivekprocesskoftenkdefinedkaskchoosingkakparticularkcour sekofkaction.kDecisionkmaking,konekstepkinkthekproblem- solvingkprocess,kiskankimportantktaskkthatkrelieskheavilykonkcriticalkthinkingkandkclinicalkreaso ningkskills. 5 / 10

• Ifkdecisionkmakingkisktriggeredkbykakproblemkwithkwhatkdoeskitkend?
• Ankalternativekproblem
• Akchosenkcoursekofkaction
• Ankactionkthatkguaranteesksuccess
• Akrestatementkofktheksolution

Ans:kB

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Akdecisionkiskmadekwhenkakcoursekofkactionkhaskbeenkchosen.kProblemksolvingkiskpartkofkde cisionkmakingkandkiskaksystematickprocesskthatkfocuseskonkanalyzingkakdifficultksituation.k Problemksolvingkalwayskincludeskakdecision-makingkstep.

• Whykdokourkvalueskoftenkcausekpersonalkconflictkinkdecisionkmaking?
• Somekvalueskareknotkrealistickorkhealthy
• Notkallkvalueskarekofkequalkworth
• Ourkvalueskremainkunchangedkoverktime
• Ourkvalueskoftenkcollidekwithkonekanother

Ans:kD

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Values,klifekexperience,kindividualkpreference,kandkindividualkwayskofkthinkingkwillkinflue ncekakperson'skdecisionkmaking.kNokmatterkhowkobjectivekthekcriteriakwillkbe,kvaluekjudgmen tskwillkalwayskplaykakpartkinkakperson'skdecisionkmaking,keitherkconsciouslykorksubconsciousl y.N

• Whichkstatementkisktruekconcerningkcriticalkthinking?
• Itkiskaksimplekapproachktokdecisionkmaking
• Itkisknarrowerkinkscopekthankdecisionkmaking
• Itkrequireskreasoningkandkcreativekanalysis
• Itkiskaksynonymkforkthekproblem-solvingkprocess

Ans:kC

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Criticalkthinkingkhaskakbroaderkscopekthankdecisionkmakingkandkproblemksolving.kItkisksomet imeskreferredktokaskreflectivekthinking.kCriticalkthinkingkalsokinvolveskreflectingkuponkthekmea ningkofkstatements,kexaminingkthekofferedkevidencekandkreasoning,kandkformingkjudgment skaboutkfacts. 6 / 10

• Howkdokadministrativekmankmanagerskmakekthekmajoritykofktheirkdecisions?
• Afterkgatheringkallkthekfacts
• Inkakmannerkgoodkenoughktoksolvekthekproblem
• Inkakrational,klogicalkmanner
• Afterkgeneratingkallkthekalternativeskpossible

Ans:kB

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Manykmanagerskmakekdecisionskthatkarekjustk“goodkenough”kbecausekofklackkofktime,kene rgy,korkcreativityktokgeneratekaknumberkofkalternatives.kThiskiskalsokcalledk“satisficing.”k Mostkpeoplekmakekdecisionsktookquicklykandkfailktoksystematicallykexaminekakproblemkork itskalternativeskforksolution.

• Whatkneedsktokbekconsideredkinkevaluatingkthekqualitykofkone'skdecisions?
• Iskevaluationknecessarykwhenkusingkakgoodkdecision-makingkmodel?
• Cankevaluationkbekeliminatedkifkthekproblemkiskresolved?
• Willkthekeffectivenesskofkthekdecisionkmakerkbeksupported?
• Willkthekevaluationkbekhelpfulkinkincreasingkone'skdecision-makingkskills?

Ans:kD

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Thekevaluationkphasekisknecessaryktokfindkoutkmorekaboutkone'skabilitykaskakdecisionkmak erkandktokfindkoutkwherekthekdecisionkmakingkwaskfaulty.N

• Whichkstatementkconcerningkthekrolekofkthekpowerfulkinkorganizationalkdecisionkmakingkiskt

rue?

• Theykexertklittlekinfluencekonkdecisionskthatkarekmade
• Theykmakekdecisionskmadekthatkarekinkcongruencekwithktheirkownkvalues
• Theykallowkothersktokmakekthekdecisionskhoweverktheykwish
• Theykmakekallkthekimportantkdecisionskwithkconsiderationktokothers

Ans:kB

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Notkonlykdoeskthekpreferencekofkthekpowerfulkinfluencekdecisionskofkotherskinkthekorganizati on,kbutkthekpowerfulkarekalsokablektokinhibitkthekpreferenceskofktheklesskpowerful.kPowerfu lkpeoplekinkorganizationskarekmoreklikelyktokhavekdecisionskmadekthatkarekcongruentkwithkth eirkownkpreferenceskandkvalues. 7 / 10

• Onekofktheknurseskonkthekunitksaid,k“Malekpatientskhavekaklowkthresholdkforkpain.”kThiskiska

nkexamplekofkwhatktypekofkillogicalkthinking?

• Affirmingkthekconsequences
• Arguingkfromkanalogy
• Deductivekreasoning
• Overgeneralizing

Ans:kD

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Thisktypekofk“crooked”kthinkingkoccurskwhenkonekbelieveskthatkbecausekAkhaskakparticulark characteristic,keverykotherkAkalsokhasktheksamekcharacteristic.kThiskkindkofkthinkingkiskexe mplifiedkwhenkstereotypicalkstatementskarekusedktokjustifykargumentskandkdecisions.

• Whatkeffectkofkorganizationalkpowerkonkdecisionkmakingkiskoftenkreflectedkinkthekte

ndencykofkstaff?

• Makingkdecisionskindependentkofkorganizationalkvalues
• Notktrustingkothersktokdecide
• Desiringkpersonalkpower
• Havingkprivatekbeliefskthatkarekseparatekfromkcorporateko

neskAns:kD

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Thekabilitykofkthekpowerfulktokinfluencekindividualkdecisionkmakingkinkankorganizationkofte nkrequireskadoptingkakprivNatkekpersonalitykandkankorganizationalkpersonality.

• Whatkdoeskakdecisionkgridkallowkthekdecisionkmakerktokdo?
• Examinekalternativeskvisuallykandkcomparekeachkagainstktheksamekcriteria
• Quantifykinformation
• Plotkakdecisionkoverktime
• Predictkwhenkeventskmustktakekplacektokcompletekakprojectkonktime

Ans:kA

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Akdecisionkgridkallowskonektokvisuallykexaminekthekalternativeskandkcomparekeachkagains tktheksamekcriteria.kAlthoughkanykcriteriakmaykbekselected,ktheksamekcriteriakarekusedktokan alyzekeachkalternative. 8 / 10

• Whatkstatementkregardingkmanagement kdecision-makingkaideskisktrue?
• Theykareksubjectktokhumankerror
• Theykensurekgoodkdecisionkmaking
• Theykeliminatekuncertaintykandkrisk
• Theyktendktoksavekmanagement ktime

Ans:kA

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Management kdecision- makingkaideskareksubjectktokhumankerror.kSomekofkthesekaideskencouragekanalyticalkthinkin g,kotherskarekdesignedktokincreasekintuitivekreasoning,kandkakfewkencouragekthekusekofkbothk hemisphereskofkthekbrain.kDespitekthekhelpfulnesskofkthesektools,ktherekiskakstrongktendencyk forkmanagersktokfavorkfirstkimpressionskwhenkmakingkakdecision,kandkaksecondktendency,kc alledkconfirmationkbiases,koftenkfollows.

• Whatkiskheuristics?
• Discrete,kunconsciouskprocessktokallowkindividualsktoksolvekproblemskquickly
• Setkofkrulesktokencourageklearnersktokdiscoverksolutionskforkthemselves
• Formalkprocesskandkstructurekinkthekdecision-makingkprocess
• Trial-and-errorkmethodkorkrules-of-thumbkapproach

Ans:kA

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Mostkindividualskrelykonkdiscrete,koftenkunconsciouskprocesseskknownkaskheuristics,kwhichkallow skthemktoksolvekproblemskmorekquicklykandktokbuildkuponkexperiencesktheykhavekgainedkinkt heirklives.kThkuNsk,kheuristicskusektrial-and-errorkmethodskorka rules-of- thumbkapproach,kratherkthanksetkrules,kandkinkdoingkso,kencouragesklearnersktokdiscoverksol utionskforkthemselves.

• Whichkstatementkisktruekregardingkankeconomickmankstylekmanager?
• Lackskcompletekknowledgekandkgenerateskfewkalternatives
• Makeskdecisionskthatkmayknotkbekidealkbutkresultkinksolutionskthatkhavekankadequateko

utcome

• Makeskmostkmanagement kdecisionskusingkthekadministrativekmankmodelkofkd

ecisionkmaking

• Thesekmanagerskgatherkaskmuchkinformationkaskpossiblekandkgeneratekmanyk

alternatives

Ans:kD

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Economickmanagerskgatherkaskmuchkinformationkaskpossiblekandkgeneratekmanykalternativ es.kMostkmanagement kdecisionskarekmadekbykusingkthekadministrativekmankmodelkofkdecisi onkmaking.kThekadministrativekmankneverkhaskcompletekknowledgekandkgenerateskfewerka lternatives. 9 / 10

• Whatkiskakcharacteristickofkakleft-brainkthinker?
• Creative
• Intuitive
• Analytical
• Holistic

kAns:kCkFee

dback:

Analytical,klinear,kleft- brainkthinkerskprocesskinformationkdifferentlykfromkcreative,kintuitive,kright- brainkthinkers.kLeft- brainkthinkerskarektypicallykbetterkatkprocessingklanguage,klogic,knumbers,kandksequentialk ordering,kwhereaskright- brainkthinkerskexcelkatknonverbalkideationkandkholisticksynthesizing.

• Whatktypekofkbrainkdominancekcreateskakmanagement kstylekthatkiskhighlykorganizedka

ndkdetailkoriented?

• Upperkleftkbrain
• Upperkrightkbrain
• Lowerkleftkbrain
• Lowerkrightkbrain

Ans:kC

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Individualskwithklower-left- brainkdominancekarekhighlykorganizedkandkdetailkorientedkandkindividualskwithkupper- left- brainkdominancektrulykarekanalyticalkthinkerskwhoklikekworkingkwithkfactualkdatakandNnu mbers.kThesekindividualskdealkwithkproblemskinkaklogicalkandkrationalkway.kIndividualskwit hkupper-right- brainkdominancekarekbigkpicturekthinkerskwhoklookkforkhiddenkpossibilitieskandkarekfuturist ickinktheirkthinking.kIndividualskwithklower-right- brainkdominancekexperiencekfactskandkproblemksolvekinkakmorekemotionalkwaykthankt hekotherkthreektypes.

• Whichkproblem-

solvingklearningkstrategykprovidesktheklearnerkwithkthekmostkrealistic,krisk- freeklearningkenvironment?

• Casekstudies
• Simulation
• Problem-basedklearningk(PBL)
• Grandkrounds

Ans:kB

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Simulationkprovidesklearnerskopportunitieskforkproblemksolvingkthatkhaveklittlekorknokriskktok patientskorktokorganizationalkperformancekwhilekprovidingkmodels,keitherkmechanicalkorkliv e,ktokprovidekexperienceskforktheklearner.kWhilekthekotherkoptionskprovideklearningkoppor tunitieskthatkincludekproblemksolving,ksimulationkiskthekmostkrealistickwhilekalsokbeingklowkris

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