Chapter 48: Diabetes MellitusLewis: Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Edition
- What is the primary cause of Type 1 diabetes
mellitus?
a) Insulin resistance
b) Insulin deficiency due to pancreatic beta-cell
destruction
c) Decreased glucose uptake by cells
d) Increased glucagon secretion
Answer: b) Insulin deficiency due to pancreatic beta-
cell destruction
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder
where the body’s immune system attacks the pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency.
- Which of the following is a major risk factor for Type
- diabetes?
a) Genetic predisposition
b) Obesity
c) Sedentary lifestyle
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is strongly influenced by
genetic factors, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle, which contribute to insulin resistance. 1 / 3
Chapter 48: Diabetes MellitusLewis: Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Edition
- What is the primary purpose of the A1C test in
diabetes management?
a) To determine current blood glucose levels
b) To assess the patient’s average blood glucose levels
over the past 2–3 weeks
c) To evaluate the effectiveness of insulin therapy
d) To monitor for complications of diabetes
Answer: b) To assess the patient’s average blood
glucose levels over the past 2–3 weeks
Rationale: The A1C test reflects the average blood
glucose levels over the previous 2–3 months, helping evaluate long-term glucose control.
- Which of the following is a common symptom of
hyperglycemia in a diabetic patient?
a) Sweating
b) Shakiness
c) Polyuria
d) Pale skin
Answer: c) Polyuria
Rationale: Hyperglycemia often leads to polyuria 2 / 3
Chapter 48: Diabetes MellitusLewis: Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Edition (increased urination) due to the kidneys trying to excrete excess glucose.
- A diabetic patient presents with nausea, vomiting,
fruity breath odor, and rapid breathing. Which condition do these symptoms most likely indicate?
a) Hypoglycemia
b) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
c) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
d) Insulin resistance
Answer: b) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Rationale: DKA is characterized by nausea, vomiting,
fruity breath, and rapid breathing due to the accumulation of ketones in the blood, which occurs in uncontrolled Type 1 diabetes.
- Which of the following is a first-line treatment for
Type 2 diabetes?
a) Insulin therapy
b) Metformin
c) Glucagon
d) Sulfonylureas
- / 3