Chapter 06: Historical Perspectives: Influences on the Present Chapter 06: Historical Perspectives: Influences on the Present
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Which statement indicates the nurse understands the Latin origin of “nurse?”
a.“The Latin word for ‘nurse’ is carena, meaning ‘caring.’” b.“The Latin word for ‘nurse’ is nimphe, meaning ‘nurture.’” c.“The Latin word for ‘nurse’ is succurus, meaning ‘relief.’” d.“The Latin word for ‘nurse’ is nutricius, meaning ‘nourishing.’”
ANS: D
The word “nurse” is derived from the Latin word nutricius, meaning nourishing. It was said in Roman mythology that the goddess Fortuna, who was considered the goddess of an individual’s fate, was Jupiter’s nurse. Carena is the Latin word for “caring,” nimphe means to “nurture,” and succurus means “relief.” PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 127
OBJ:Explain the forces that affect the role of American nurses.
TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
- The nursing student has an adequate grasp of nursing history when stating that after
- English monks in cloistered buildings.
- Jewish physicians who could translate into Latin.
- Roman priests who practiced medicine.
- Fortuna, who practiced midwifery.
the fall of the Roman Empire, the knowledge of health practice was primarily preserved by
ANS: B 1 / 4
Any medical and health care knowledge that survived the dark period of history was preserved primarily by the Jewish physicians who translated the Greek and Roman works. English monks, Roman priests, and Fortuna did not assist in the preservation of health practice knowledge after the fall of the Roman Empire.PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 127 OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
- Which of the following is true of early Christian deaconesses and how they became
responsible for caring for poor and ill people?a.The deacons relinquished this work to women (specifically, widows and virgins).b.The early church valued women.c.No one else would care for poor and ill people.d.The deaconesses had formal training to do the work.
ANS: A
Originally, the deacons of the early Christian church cared for poor and the ill people, but they turned these duties over to widows and virgins, who were considered to be pure of heart. The early church did not value women. Formal training did not occur until much later in history.PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 128 OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
- What was the description of a nurse in the medieval times during the Holy Wars?
- A woman who had been specially trained by a magician
- A man who was committed to following his Lord into battle
- A man who had training to care for a wounded knight
- A woman who had studied with an older nurse
ANS: C 2 / 4
During the Holy Wars, men were trained in the healing arts to care for knights during battle. These male nurses wore a red cross on their clothes for identification. During this time, women were not trained as nurses.PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 128 OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
- What was the most important contribution to nursing made during medieval times?
a.The Red Cross recognized the worth of nurses in caring for the poor.b.A formal school was established to train nurses within the convents.c.The hospital of St. John was established to train nurses and physicians.d.Society placed an increased status on caring for the ill.
ANS: D
During medieval times, the altruistic ideal of providing care out of humility and love was established as the foundation of nursing. The most important contribution to nursing during medieval times was the increased status placed on caring for the ill. Nursing gained status. Convents were housing places for the deaconesses, widows, and virgins to provide physical protective shelters. The hospital of St. John was built in Jerusalem to care for Christian crusaders. The Red Cross did not come into existence until the 1880s and was founded by Clara Barton.PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 129 OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
- Which statement by the nurse shows understanding of Florence Nightingale’s status
as a legend in nursing?a.“Her work in improving the Institution for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen in Distressed Circumstances” b.The evaluations and recommendations she made to improve conditions in the hospitals in England” c.“Her ability to implement actions that significantly decreased mortality rates in the Crimean War” d.“Her work as an administrator for a women’s hospital and reporting conditions to the government” 3 / 4
ANS: C
Nightingale’s contribution to the development of hospital reform and her nursing actions that significantly lowered battlefield mortality rates during the Crimean War established her as a legend in nursing. She worked as an administrator for the Institution for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen in Distressed Circumstances before the Crimean War, which provided her the experience to take to the battlefield.PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: pp. 130-134 OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
- Which statement by a nursing professor is true regarding Florence Nightingale’s
contribution to American nursing?a.“Her primary influence was organizing hospital administration and nursing.” b.“Her primary influence was providing a model for giving care during wartime.” c.“Her primary influence was organizing patient care in hospital settings.” d.“Her primary influence was developing an educational model for training nurses.”
ANS: D
Although she was influential in many aspects of hospital administration, ministering to the sick, and early research methods to improve patient care, Nightingale’s great success prompted her to begin developing schools of nursing in both Europe and the United States based on her knowledge of what constituted effective nursing. The goals of her programs included training hospital nurses, training nurses to train others, and training nurses to work in the district with the sick poor. Her primary influence was not organizing hospital administration and nursing, providing care models, or organizing patient care.PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: pp. 130-134
OBJ:Explain the forces that affect the role of American nurses.
TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
- A group of nursing students is discussing the traits of Victorian wives that crossed
- Submission, harmony, and hard work
- / 4
over to nurses. Which traits would they conclude had an early effect on the nursing profession?