CCC2 PRN 1178 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS WITH DEFIN ITE
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPD ATE
Question : Signs/symptoms of cancer
Correct answer: Unexplained weight loss, fever, fatigue,
pain, skin changes, Obstruction, Hemorrhage, Anemia, Fracture, Infection, Cachexia.
Question : Screenings for men and women and when should
be done
Correct answer: Breast 20+, Cervix 21-65, Colorectal men &
women 50+, Endometrial women at menopause, Lung if smoker 55-74, Prostate 50+, Cancer related check up 20+.
Question : Dehydration Signs & Symptoms and Interventions
Correct answer: cool dry skin, poor skin turgor, weak thready
pulse. IV fluids or fluid orally.
Question : Osmosis
Correct answer: Movement of pure solvent (liquid) across
membrane, moves from area of less solute concentration to area of greater concentration until the solutions in the compartments are of equal concentration. Takes place via a semipermeable membrane.
Question : Diffusion
Correct answer: Movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.Passive transport is substances move back and forth across the membrane until evenly distributed throughout the available space
Question : Filtration
Correct answer: A process that separates materials based on
the size of their particles.
Question : Active Transport
Correct answer: Movement of ions or molecules across a cell
membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Question : Hypokalemia Signs and Symptoms
Correct answer: muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea and
vomiting, intestinal distention decreased bowel sounds decreased, deep tendon reflexes, ventricular dysrhythmias, paresthesias weak, irregular pulse, low potassium flat t waves, high heart rate low blood pressure decreased GI motility.
Question : Fluid Overload Signs and Symptoms
Correct answer: Shortness of breath, cough, elevated b/p,
puffiness around the eyes, edema in dependent areas; distended veins, moist breath sounds, crackle lungs, increased urine output.
Question : Hypocalcemia Signs and Symptoms
Correct answer: Diarrhea, Numbness and tingling of
extremities, Muscle cramps ,Tetany, Convulsions,Laryngeal spasms, Cardiac irritability,Positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs,· Low calcium, low BP, abnormal HR, hyperactivity, numbness. Shift of calcium in the bones.
Question : Hypernatremia
Correct answer: Causes an osmotic shift of fluid from the
cells to the interstitial spaces, which causes a cellular dehydration and interruption of normal cell processes.
Question : Electrolyte
Correct answer: sodium, potassium, chloride.
Question : Fluid Balance Interventions
Correct answer: Maintaining equal input and output. Replace
water loss with fluids containing sodium.
Question : Hypercalcemia
Correct answer: Muscle weakness, lack of coordination,
abdominal pain, confusion, absent tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency, elevated b/p, thirst, polyuria, hypo- activity.
Question : Interstitial fluid
Correct answer: Fluid in the spaces between cells.
Extracellular.
Question : Intracellular and extracellular
Correct answer: Fluid within the cell. Fluid outside of the
cell. Extracellular is Intravascular, Interstitial and Transcellular.
Question : Cancer
Correct answer: A disease in which some body cells grow
and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body
around them.· External radiation therapy/teachings: help with
coping, skin care, wash area once daily with mild soap, limit sun exposure, do not use lotion, salve or alcohol on the area, wear loose clothing over the area, do not shave the area.