BS 161 Exam 2 MSU Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) Common Characteristics of Cells - Correct Answers ✅- plasma membrane -cytosol -Chromosomes -Ribosomes -endoplasmic reticulum -nucleus -golgi apparatus -mitochondria Eukaryotic Cell Characteristics - Correct Answers ✅- genetic material enclosed in nucleus, -many membrane bound compartments
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-can be unicellular or multicellular -DNA is found in nucleus, bounded by double membrane Prokaryotic Cell Characteristics - Correct Answers ✅-no nucleus -small -unicellular -spectacularly diverse -DNA is found in a region not surrounded by nucleus, nucleoid 1 / 4
BS 161 Exam 2 MSU Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) Cytoplasm - Correct Answers ✅The material within the cell, excluding the nucleus. The semi-fluid matrix that fills the interior of every cell and has a high concentration of proteins and other macromolecules Cytosol - Correct Answers ✅The fluid portion of the cytoplasm; it contains dissolved organic molecules and ions Nucleoid - Correct Answers ✅A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell What are membranes made out of? - Correct Answers ✅a double layer of phospholipids and other lipids.embedded in this are diverse proteins.Nuclear Envelope - Correct Answers ✅A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell contains pore structures pore complex-regulates the entry and exit of proteins and RNA's Nuclear Lamina - Correct Answers ✅a netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus. 2 / 4
BS 161 Exam 2 MSU Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) -lines the nuclear side of the envelope.Nuclear Matrix - Correct Answers ✅A framework of fibers extending throughout the nuclear interior Chromosomes - Correct Answers ✅threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.Chromatin - Correct Answers ✅long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes How many chromosomes? - Correct Answers ✅humans cell-46 sex cell-23 Nucleolus - Correct Answers ✅the organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled, located in the nucleus rRNA - Correct Answers ✅The most abundant type of RNA, which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA. 3 / 4
BS 161 Exam 2 MSU Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) How does nucleus direct protein synthesis? - Correct Answers ✅by synthesizing mRNA from the DNA.then mRNA is transported to cytoplasm via nuclear pores.once mRNA reaches cytoplasm, ribosomes translate mRNA genetic message into the primary structure of a specific polypeptide.Ribosome - Correct Answers ✅The molecular machine that carries out protein synthesis; the most complicated aggregation of proteins in a cell, also containing three different rRNA molecules.Endomembrane System - Correct Answers ✅The collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles; includes the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles.carrys out synthesis of proteins, trnsport of proteins into membranes and organelles or out of the cell, metabolism and movement of lipids, detoxification of poison.Endoplasmic Reticulum - Correct Answers ✅Internal membrane system that forms a net-like array of channels and interconnections within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.Composed of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins
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