Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions with

Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) What are the two ways energy can be carried - Correct Answers ✅1. As chemical bond energy

• As reducing equilalents

What is the difference b/w NAD+ and NADH - Correct Answers ✅NAD+ is the oxidized form (electron poor) NADH is the reduced form (electron rich) What are the water-soluble electron carriers (oxidized & reduced form) and their precursor - Correct Answers

✅Oxidized: NAD+, NADP+

Reduced: NADH, NADPH

Niacin (vit. B3) What are the membrane-associated electron carriers (oxidized & reduced form) and their precursor - Correct

Answers ✅Oxidized: FAD, FMN

Reduced: FADH2, FMNH2

Riboflavin (vit. B2)

NAD+/NADH

• Significance
• Oxidized/reduced ratio
• Synthesis of reduced form 1 / 4

Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025)

• Regeneration of oxidized form - Correct Answers ✅1.

Catabolic (accept energy)

2. 700:1

• Generated by glycolysis, TCA cycle, b-oxidation
• NAD+ is regenerated by ETC, lactate dehydrogenase in

anaerobic glycolsis

NADP+/NADPH

• Significance
• Oxidized/reduced ratio
• Synthesis of reduced form
• Regeneration of oxidized form - Correct Answers ✅1.

Anabolic (donate energy)

2. 1:10

• HMP shunt-oxidative, malic enzyme
• NADP+ is regenerated in anabolic rxns

Carbohydrates

• Fed absorption (dietary source)
• Fasting body reserve that is broken down - Correct

Answers ✅1. Monosaccharides

• Liver glycogen

Proteins 2 / 4

Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025)

• Fed absorption (dietary source)
• Fasting body reserve that is broken down (what is special) -

Correct Answers ✅1. Amino acids, di-peptides

• Muscle, cellular proteins*

(There is no dedicated storage reservoir for protein) Lipids

• Fed absorption (dietary source)
• Fasting body reserve that is broken down - Correct

Answers ✅1. Dietary lipids in micelles

• TAGS from adipose tissue

If there is no dedicated storage reservoir for protein, what occurs instead? - Correct Answers ✅Muscle is broken down to provide amino acids for fasting-state metabolic pathways Glucagon and insulin are polypeptides released by the _____ in response to _______ levels - Correct Answers ✅Pancreas Blood glucose Epinephrine is a neurotransmitter synthesized from which amino acid - Correct Answers ✅tyrosine 3 / 4

Biochemistry Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) Epinephrine (adrenaline) is synthesized by the _____ and is released in response to _____ - Correct Answers ✅Adrenal medulla Stress (pain, exercise, hemorrhage, hypoxia, hypoglycemia) Glucagon and epinephrine activate ______ to increase ____ and _____ - Correct Answers ✅Ga-S coupled G-protein coupled receptors cAMP PKA

Hormone: Insulin

• Released in fed or fasting
• Receptor present in - Correct Answers ✅1. Fed
• Liver, adipose, muscle

Insulin effects on target proteins - Correct Answers ✅RTK phosphorylation --> signaling cascade --> increased phosphatase Dephosphorylated state Altered gene expression

Hormone: Glucagon

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