APUSH Semester 1 Final Great Columbia/Biological Exchange - correct answer between America (got cattle, pigs) and Europe (got corn, potatoes, beans); nourish world; europeans give Indians disease Christopher Columbus - correct answer (1492) of Spain began exploration of Americas; exploitation of natives; began trans-Atlantic slave trade; Columbian exchange Bartolomeo de las Casas - correct answer (1552) wrote testimony to the European cruelty towards native peoples; helped to win limited reforms to protect Indians + "Black Legend"; History of the Indies & A Brief Relation of the Destruction of the Indies Spanish Empire - correct answer autocratic/mercantilistic/catholic development of self-sustaining economies less important that conversion of "heathens" to Catholicism (mission system) and search for gold and silver French Empire - correct answer autocratic; small in numbers; have cordial relations with indigenous populations; traders and Jesuits English/British Empire - correct answer representative assemblies with diverse economy; larger population composed of transplation of families; business enterprises; more independent pol/econ/social practices Jamestown - correct answer (1607) first permanent English settlement in America; John Smith; saved by cultivation of tobacco (John Rolfe) Plymouth Colony - correct answer (1620) founded by Pilgrims/Separatists; self-governing/royal colony Mayflower Compact - correct answer agreement to obey laws created by community and profession of allegiance to the king; created consensual agreement between Separatists and non-religious 1 / 4
Chesapeake Colonies - correct answer made up of Virginia and Maryland; grew tobacco; Church of England; Maryland Act of Toleration; plantation economy w/cheap labor; headright system Virginia Colony - correct answer 1607 - Jamestown - London Company; charter to stock company/Royal 1619 - correct answer first Africans brought to British colonies; establishment of House of Burgesses House of Burgesses - correct answer first elected/representative assembly in the Americas; fulfillment of promise to colonists of full rights as Englishmen Bacon's Rebellion - correct answer uprising against colonial gvt.; caused by conflict between backcountry and indians; governor prevented westward expansion; Jamestown burned; Indians lose land; reduction of taxes for free Maryland Colony - correct answer (1634); Proprietary = owned by Calvert Family; freedom of religion with certain act and established religion with Church of England Toleration Act - correct answer of 1649 allowed freedom of religion in Maryland to all who believed in the Trinity; was granted to protect Catholics from interference by other Christians New England Colonies - correct answer Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Massachusetts; Puritans of Mass. Bay vs/ Pilgrims/Separatists of Plymouth; religiously intolerant (besides RI); better education; more democratic Massachusetts Bay Colony - correct answer (1630) religions and economic factors intertwined to influence Puritans to migrate; joint-stock company; theocratic republic John Winthrop - correct answer leader of Mass. Bay Colony; we shall be city upon a hill 2 / 4
"City Upon a Hill" - correct answer exemplified American view that they are to serve as an example of a model/society/moral community/moral commonwealth to the world Anne Hutchinson - correct answer she disagreed with Mass. Church fathers over doctrine (believed one could directly communicate w/God and gain assurance of salvation); expelled from colony King Philip's War - correct answer (1675-76) bloodiest war in colonial history; colonists won; New England Indians eliminated as obstacle to west expansion; colonists united Salem Witch Trials - correct answer produced largest outpouring of accusations; witchcraft hysteria in New England Rhode Island Colony - correct answer (1636) self-governing colony founded by Roger Williams; granted freedom for all religions and non-believers; religious toleration; universal suffrage for white males w/property qualifications; most democratic Roger Williams - correct answer migrated from Massachusetts and founded Rhode Island; established disestablishment and religious toleration Disestablishment - correct answer separation of church and state; no religion is officially supported by state/gvt.Connecticut Colony - correct answer (1636) by Thomas Hooker; self- governing; origin of Fundamental Orders Fundamental Orders - correct answer written in 1639 it was first written constitution in the New World New Amsterdam - correct answer founded by Dutch in 1624; took over as royal colony by England in 1664 3 / 4
Restoration Colonies - correct answer Charles II renewal of American Colonization (Carolinas, Pennsylvania) from 1660-85 New York Colony - correct answer won in 1664 from Dutch; became English royal colony Pennsylvania Colony - correct answer proprietary colony founded in 1683 by William Penn; settled by Quakers; bought lands from Indians and allowed religious freedom William Penn - correct answer founder of Pennsylvania; "The Holy Experiment" - allowed complete religious freedom and bought land from the Indians Georgia Colony - correct answer founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe; settled by debtors and unfortunates; border between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas; religious toleration to all Protestant Christians but not Catholics; first proprietary than royal James Oglethorpe - correct answer founded Georgia in 1733 Mercantilism - correct answer colonies served economic interest of mother country; nations grow rich at expense of other nations; export less and import less; develop manufacturing; gain colonies that have raw materials and a re market for finished goods; accumulate mineral wealth Triangular Trade - correct answer colonies developed variety of trading products and partners; between mainland colonies, West Africa, Caribbean, Europe Navigation Acts - correct answer foundation of English mercantile laws; European goods had to go to England first before going to America; restricted transport of colonial commerce Salutary/Benign Neglect - correct answer description of English policy (esp.1721-63) of allowing American colonies to economically develop w/o excessive govt. regulation from Britain; allow some political/social/religious freedom; created b/c of England's domestic problems w/Glorious Revolution, Seven Years' War, and conflicts w/France
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