APHY 102 Midterm Exam - Ivy Tech Solved 100% Correct
Question : What is a hormone and how does it act?
CORRECT ANSWER : Hormones are chemical messengers
that are responsible for regulation. They are secreted into body fluids, mainly blood and have specific actions on target tissues.
Question : What is the role of negative feedback in control of
hormone secretions.
CORRECT ANSWER : a stimulus elicits the release of a
substance; once the substance reaches a certain level, it sends a signal that stops further release of the substance.
Question : Paracrine glands
CORRECT ANSWER : hormones enter the interstitial fluid
but affect only neighboring cells
Question : Autocrine glands
CORRECT ANSWER : affect only the secreting cell
Question : endocrine glands
CORRECT ANSWER : hormones are secreted from the
interstitial fluid into the bloodstream and act on target cells
Question : exocrine glands
CORRECT ANSWER : secrete chemical substances into
ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body
Question : Where can the different endocrine glands be found
in the body?CORRECT ANSWER : Brain: Pineal, pituitary and
hypothalamus Neck: Thyroid and parathyroid Between the
lungs: Thymus Behind the stomach: Pancreas On top of the kidneys: Adrenal glands Abdomen: Ovary Scrotum: Testes
Question : Describe steroid hormones and their mechanism of
action.
CORRECT ANSWER : a steroid that acts as a
hormone;diffuse through the cell membrane of the target cell.
Question : Describe non-steroid hormones and their
mechanism of action.
CORRECT ANSWER : They are amino acid, peptides &
protein hormones;produce their effect on target tissues by binding to the receptors.
Question : How is the anterior pituitary gland different than
the posterior pituitary gland?
CORRECT ANSWER : the action of the anterior pituitary
gland is regulated through vessels connected to the hypothalamus whereas the action of the posterior pituitary gland is regulated through nerves connected to the hypothalamus.
Question : What regulates pituitary gland secretion?
CORRECT ANSWER : The hypothalamus
Question : Describe tropic hormones.
CORRECT ANSWER : stimulate other endocrine glands to
release hormones
Question : Insulin vs Glucagon
CORRECT ANSWER : Insulin activates facilitated diffusion
of glucose through certain cell membranes, stimulates its storage. Lowers blood glucose Glucagon stimulates the liver to produce glucose, increasing concentration of blood glucose. Also breaks down fat. Increases blood glucose
Question : clinical conditions related to endocrine disorders
CORRECT ANSWER : Hyperthyroidism-excess of PTH
secretion usually caused by tumor Goiter-reduced production of thyroid hormone caused by low iodine intake; neck edema Ketoacidosis-elevated seton bodies in blood due to low production of insulin (glucose not then in by cells) Cretinism- stunted mental and physical growth due to low production of thyroid hormone Hirsutism-Excessive hair in women due to high androgen production Hypoglycemia-Low blood glucose levels due to low production of glucagon Polyuria and glycosuria-excessive urine production and glucose in the urine due to reduced insulin Acromegaly-elevated growth hormone resulting in hyper growth all over the body Grave's Disease-Over production of thyroid hormone caused by an autoimmune disorder Diabetogenic effect-Polyuria due to low