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APEA- Patho Pulmonology Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified
What is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- Asthma
- Occupational exposure
- Viral infections
✔✔C. Cigarette smoking
Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of asthma?
- Productive cough
- Chest pain
- Hemoptysis
✔✔B. Wheezing
What lung function test is most commonly used to diagnose COPD?
- Chest X-ray
- Arterial blood gas 1 / 4
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✔✔C. Spirometry
- CT scan
Which of the following findings is typical in restrictive lung disease?
- Increased total lung capacity
- Increased residual volume
- Normal vital capacity
✔✔B. Decreased total lung capacity
What is the most common organism causing community-acquired pneumonia?
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Legionella pneumophila
✔✔B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
Which of the following is a common feature of pulmonary embolism?
- Productive cough
- Wheezing 2 / 4
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✔✔C. Sudden onset dyspnea
- Fever
What is the best initial diagnostic test for suspected pulmonary embolism?
- Chest X-ray
- Echocardiogram
✔✔C. CT pulmonary angiography
D. MRI
Which of the following conditions is characterized by destruction of alveolar walls and airspace enlargement?
- Chronic bronchitis
- Asthma
- Pulmonary fibrosis
✔✔B. Emphysema
What is the primary treatment for an acute asthma exacerbation?
- Oral corticosteroids only 3 / 4
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- Long-acting beta agonists
- Antibiotics
✔✔C. Short-acting beta-agonists (albuterol)
Which symptom is most characteristic of chronic bronchitis?
- Intermittent wheezing
- Sudden chest pain
- Hemoptysis
✔✔B. Productive cough for at least 3 months per year for 2 consecutive years
What is the characteristic chest X-ray finding in a patient with pneumothorax?
- Bilateral infiltrates
- Cardiomegaly
- Diffuse ground-glass opacities
✔✔C. Visible pleural line with absent lung markings beyond
Which of the following is a major risk factor for pulmonary fibrosis?
- Smoking
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