AP Bio - Unit 2: Progress Check Exam
Questions with 100% Correct Answers A certain type of specialized cell contains an unusually large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).Which of the following functions is this cell type most likely specialized to perform?Correct Answer The production and secretion of proteins A group of mutations, known as MT-ND1, have been identified in mitochondrial DNA.These mutations are associated with a number of debilitating diseases stemming from the production of nonfunctional proteins in the mitochondria.Which of the following cellular deficiencies would most likely be related to these MT- ND1 mutations? Correct Answer The cell is unable to complete reactions related to electron transport and ATP production.A scientist is studying the various prokaryotic and eukaryotic species found floating in a sample of water taken from a marine ecosystem.Which cellular component will be found in the widest range of organisms in the sample?Correct Answer The ribosome, since all organisms need to synthesize proteins.In an experiment, researchers provided a radiolabeled amino acid to living plant cells.After one hour, the researchers determined the amount of the radiolabeled amino acid that was in each of several subcellular compartments. The results of the experiment are represented in the table.
RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF RADIOLABELED AMINO ACID
NucleusMitochondriaEndoplasmic ReticulumCytosol2.12.71.91 Which of the following conclusions about the radiolabeled amino acid is best supported by the results of the experiment? Correct Answer It was mostly incorporated into proteins that regulate and manage metabolic reactions.Researchers conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of a valinomycin treatment on skeletal muscle cells. Valinomycin is a naturally occurring substance that can be used as a drug. The results of the experiment are presented in the table.Relative Rates of ATP ProductionTime after TreatmentUntreated CellsValinomycin- Treated Cells5 minutes1.00.310 minutes7.72.7 1 / 2
Which of the following claims about the effects of the valinomycin treatment is best supported by the data presented in the table? Correct Answer The valinomycin treatment caused a decrease in the activity of the mitochondria.In an experiment, researchers compared the growth of two different plants, plant X and plant Y. The researchers maintained the plants under nearly identical conditions and observed that plant X grew faster than plant Y. The researchers also observed that the inner mitochondrial membranes of plant X had more folds than did those of plant Y.Which of the following conclusions about increasing the number of folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane is best supported by the results of the experiment? Correct Answer It increases the surface area available for ATP production, which results in faster cell growth Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a disorder of red blood cells that causes the cells to be smaller and spherical instead of having the usual flattened, biconcave shape. The average diameter of normal red blood cells is 7.2μm, and the average diameter of red blood cells in a person with HS was found to be 6.7μm. The normal red blood cell has an average surface area of 136μm2 and an average volume of 91μm3.Which of the following provides an accurate calculation of the surface area to volume ratio of an HS red blood cell, as well as a prediction of its effect on the efficient transferring of oxygen compared to a normal red blood cell? Correct Answer The ratio is 0.890.89, and the cells are less efficient at transferring oxygen.Stomata are pores on the surfaces of the leaves and stems of plants that regulate gas exchange between the plants and the atmosphere.Researchers found that the stomata density on the leaves of a species of plant change as the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere changes. When grown at 350 ppm CO2 the plant has an average density of 300 stomata per mm2, but when grown at 400 ppm CO2 the plant has an average density of 250 stomata per mm2.Which of the following best describes how the ratio of the density of stomata (stomata per mm2) per CO2 concentration (ppm CO2) changes as the CO2 concentration increases? Correct Answer The ratio decreases from 0.860.86 to 0.630.63, because fewer stomata are needed at higher CO2CO2 concentrations.Testosterone is a small steroid hormone that is important in cell signaling. Which of the following indicates where testosterone enters a cell and why it is able to cross at that point? Correct Answer 1, because testosterone is nonpolar and can diffuse through the membrane.The figure shows a representation of a protein embedded in a cell membrane. The numbers indicate different structural regions of the protein.
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