Anthropology 1100 Final, OSU, Dr. Trask || with 100% Verified Solutions.Archaeology correct answers Study of early cultures and life ways through material remains Social Complexity correct answers Domains and integration Social and political organization Subsistence strategies and economic activities Religious beliefs Foragers correct answers Band level societies (<100) Egalitarian- equal access to resources Uses natural resources for subsistence Authority comes from experience/age and wisdom Power correct answers Can inflict negative sanctions/punishments Authority correct answers Has influence but not power Adaptive Strategies correct answers Means of obtaining and using resources Subsistence Strategies correct answers System of economic production- how are people getting the resources they need to survive Food Collectors correct answers Subsistence strategy- hunting and gathering Food Producers correct answers Subsistence strategies- Horticulture Agriculture Pastoralism Industrialism Horticulture correct answers Farming for domestic consumption- not for profit, less intensive than agriculture Agriculture correct answers Requirements- intensive labor, more land Sedentary and densely populated Pastoralism correct answers Primitive strategy- large number of unproductive animals, herd animals Indigenous knowledge use of marginal environments Social and Political Organization correct answers Degree of centralization of power and authority 1 / 2
Band correct answers Headman (leader)- limited authority, no power Small- <100 people, egalitarian (not everyone equal, but equal access) foragers Tribe correct answers Similar to bands but more people Horticulturalists/ Pastoralists Descent/kinship based groupings Chiefdom correct answers Subsistence strategy= agriculture Beginning of a ranked system- hierarchy of lineages Profound inequality Chiefs have power State correct answers Most complex and centralized political system Organizing power on a supra-kinship basis Defined by geographical residence in a territory Egalitarian correct answers equal access to resources individual autonomy Inequality correct answers differential access to resources Indigenous Knowledge correct answers the local knowledge - knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society Slash and Burn correct answers (swidden) cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which the forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning Polyculture correct answers many different plants are planted together, produces much higher yields than monoculture planting a variety of crops in the same area Intercropping correct answers two or more different crops are grown at the same time on a plot, 3 sisters is example Biodiversity correct answers the number and variety of different species in a particular area Polyculture/intercropping increases biodiversity Measuring Social Complexity correct answers Egalitarian v. Inequality (spectrum) Archeological records look for grave goods, tombs, buildings, etc. to show social hierarchy 2 Occupational Specialization correct answers Different jobs have different status NAGPRA correct answers Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act (1990)
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