Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5-- Pulmonary/ Kidney I QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT | LATEST
UPDATE
Question : Alveolar Type 1 cells
Correct answer: Cells which provides structure for alveoli.
Question : Alveolar Type 2 cells
Correct answer: Cells of the alveoli which secrete surfactant.
Question : Surfactant
Correct answer: A lipoprotein that coats the inner surface of
the alveolus and facilitates its expansion during inspiration.Lowers alveolar surface tension at end expiration and prevents lung collapse. Contributes to control of lung inflammation and innate and adaptive immunity.
Question : Surface Tension
Correct answer: The tendency for liquid molecules that are
exposed to air to adhere to one another. This phenomenon decreases the surface area exposed to the air.
Question : Law of Laplace
Correct answer: The pressure required to inflate a sphere is
equal to two times the surface tension divided by the radius of the sphere, or P=2T/r.
Question : Alveolar ventilation
Correct answer: Distention, is made possible by surfactant,
which lowers the surface tension by coating the air-liquid interface in the alveoli.
Question : Infant Surfactant
Correct answer: Is produced by 20-24 weeks of gestation and
is secreted into the fetal airways by 30 weeks.
Question : Chronic Bronchitis
Correct answer: Hypersecretion of mucous and chronic
productive cough that continues for at least 3 months of the year (usually the winter months) for at least 2 consecutive years.
Question : Patho of Chronic Bronchitis
Correct answer: Inspired irritants result in airway
inflammation with infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes into the bronchial wall.
Question : Manifestations of Chronic Bronchitis
Correct answer: Decreased exercise intolerance, wheezing,
and SOB, productive cough, evidence of airway obstruction (decrease in FEV1) on spirometry, copious amounts of sputum, frequent pulmonary infections, FVC and FEV1 values are markedly reduced,FRC and Residual volume (RV) measurements are increased, decreased alveolar ventilation, increased PaCO2,polycythemia, cyanosis, pulmonary HTN, cor pulmonale which can lead to severe disability or death.
Question : Ventilation
Correct answer: The mechanical movement of gas or air into
and out the lungs.
Question : Respiration
Correct answer: The exchange of O2 and CO2 during cellular
metabolism.
Question : PAO2
Correct answer: The amount of oxygen in the alveoli.
Question : Gas Transport
Correct answer: The delivery of oxygen to the cells of the
body and the removal of CO2.
Question : Pors of Kohn
Correct answer: Tiny pores which permit some air to pass
through the septa from alveolus to alveolus, promoting collateral ventilation and even distribution of air among the alveoli.