ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - UTMB 5355
EXAM 1 LATEST UPDATE 2024 327 QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
1/3 of fluid - CORRECT ANSWER: extracelluar
2 copies of disease allele are required for females - CORRECT ANSWER: to be
affected by X linked recessive disorders
2/3 of fluid - CORRECT ANSWER: intracellular
3 phases of catabolism - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. glycolosis
- krebs cycle
- electron transport chain
23 pairs of - CORRECT ANSWER: chromosomes
100% penetrance - CORRECT ANSWER: gene will always be expressed
A cell holds how many alleles of each gene? - CORRECT ANSWER: 2, one from mom
and one from dad
A change in the ___ without a change in the ___ is epigenetics. - CORRECT
ANSWER: Phenotype, Genotype
A disease is said to show ___ penetrance when an individual carrying a disease
associated genotype always develops the condition - CORRECT ANSWER: Complete
Acid-Base Imbalances - CORRECT ANSWER: changes in concentration of H+ atoms
and bicarbonate
Acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER: excessive acidity of body fluids PH less than 7.35
Action Potential (AP) - CORRECT ANSWER: rapid change in membrane potential
active transport moves molecules - CORRECT ANSWER: up the concentration
gradient
Active transport requires - CORRECT ANSWER: energy (ATP)
acute respiratory acidosis is often cause by: - CORRECT ANSWER: airway obstruction
affected male - CORRECT ANSWER: will always transmit disease to daughter who will be carrier 1 / 3
Alcohol decreases fibrinolysis and HDL-C increases blood flow and decreased plaque formation. Reduces risk for: - CORRECT ANSWER: CAD
Aldosterone promotes - CORRECT ANSWER: sodium and water reabsorption,
conserving BP/BV, excretes K+
Alkalosis pH - CORRECT ANSWER: greater than 7.45
Allele - CORRECT ANSWER: variant of a gene
Alveolar hyperventilation - CORRECT ANSWER: It is a cause for respiratory alkalosis
Alveolar hypoventilation - CORRECT ANSWER: It is a cause for respiratory acidosis
Amino acids are - CORRECT ANSWER: building blocks of proteins
anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER: loss of cell differentiation, disorganized, loss of
normal tissue structure and function
Angiotensin I travels to the (x), where (y) converts it to (z) - CORRECT ANSWER: lungs, ACE, Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II to adrenal glands to produce - CORRECT ANSWER: aldosterone
Angiotensinogen - CORRECT ANSWER: Converted to angiotensin I by renin
Anion Gap - CORRECT ANSWER: Difference between the concentrations of serum
cations and anions
Anion in ECF - CORRECT ANSWER: Chloride
Anion in ICF - CORRECT ANSWER: Phosphate
Anticipation - CORRECT ANSWER: signs and symptoms of genetic condition tend to
become more severe and appear at an earlier age as the disorder is passed from generation to generation
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER: programmed cell death, minimal inflammation,
orchestrated disassembly of proteins without much destruction to surrounding tissue, normal process as well
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - CORRECT ANSWER: main energy source that cells
use for most of their work
atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER: a decrease or shrinkage in cell size 2 / 3
autocrine signaling - CORRECT ANSWER: the target cell is also the secreting cell
Autolysis - CORRECT ANSWER: the spontaneous breakdown of cells as they self-
digest
autosomal dominant means - CORRECT ANSWER: at least one parent is affected
autosomal recessive can be passed if - CORRECT ANSWER: two copies of an
abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop
autosomal recessive disorders example - CORRECT ANSWER: Tay-Sachs, Cystic
fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, phenylketonuria
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER: Skips generations,
25% of offsprings from 2 carrier parents affected.
basic structure of membrane - CORRECT ANSWER: phospholipid bilayer
Body fluids are classified as: - CORRECT ANSWER: ECF/ICF
Bronchial lining changes due to smoking is an example of which cellular adaptation: -
CORRECT ANSWER: Metaplasia
calcium and phosphate are controlled by - CORRECT ANSWER: PTH, VIT D, and
calcitonin
calcium is necessary for: - CORRECT ANSWER: structure of bones and teeth, blood clotting, hormone secretion, cell receptor function, plasma membrane stability, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) - CORRECT ANSWER: filtration outward
movement of water to IS
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) is controlled by - CORRECT ANSWER: blood
pressure
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) is highest at - CORRECT ANSWER: arterial end
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) is lowest at - CORRECT ANSWER: venule end
capillary oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER: osmotically attracts water from the interstitial space back into the capillary
Capillary oncotic pressure is primarily determined by which of the following molecules?
- CORRECT ANSWER: albumin
- / 3