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2025 SARAH MICHELLE LIVE REVIEW
TEST BANK WITH 700 PREP QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWE RS (100%
CORRECT ANSWERS)
What is COPD?Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. This is a chronic condition that is made up of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It is a progressive inflammatory lung disease that makes it hard for the patients to breathe, because the chronic bronchitis leads to mucous build up and the emphysema portion destroys areas of the lungs.What signs and symptoms are common in COPD patients?Chronic cough Sputum production Dyspnea- difficulty breathing What medications can precipitate myxedema coma?Lithium or amiodarone Your patient who is on 75 mcg Synthroid PO daily comes in for a 6 week follow up to check their TSH level. When you get the results, their TSH is 0.1. What should you do next as the NP?Assess how the patient is taking their Synthroid What signs and symptoms are common in hyperthyroidism?Anxiety, palpitations, cardiac abnormalities, tachycardia, diaphoresis, weight loss, and increased appetite, menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea, tremors, lid lag, exophthalmos What needs to be considered with PTU medication administration?
Need frequent lab work: CBC, and Thyroid panel
Required to take PTU multiple times a day What is the most common treatment for Grave's Disease? 1 / 4
pg. 2 Radioactive iodine therapy Hyperthyroidism left untreated may lead to what conditions?Heart disease- patient's heart is in a constant high-output state, your heart can't keep up with that all of the time, may lead to heart failure Osteoporosis Infertility What is worst case scenario in hyperthyroid patients?Thyroid storm- Temperature, HR, and BP- dangerously HIGH levels Puts body into compromised state, especially impacting your heart. Heart starts to go into Letha dysrhythmias and even heart failure.What are the 8 most common drug classes for diabetes medications?Biguanides (Metformin) DPP-4 inhibitors GLP-1 Agonists SGLT-2 inhibitors Insulin
Sulfonylureas TZDs Alpha-glycosides inhibitors Why are type 1 diabetics insulin dependent?They have an autoimmune destruction of their beta cells What are some examples of rapid acting insulin?Humalog, Novalog, Apidra What is the onset, peak, and duration of rapid acting insulin?
Onset: 15 minutes
Peak: 1 hour
Duration: 2-4 hours
What are some examples of short acting insulin?Regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) 2 / 4
pg. 3 What is the onset, peak and duration of short acting insulin?
Onset: 30 min- 1 hour
Peak: 2-4 hours
Duration: 6-8 hours
What are some examples of intermediate insulin?NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N) What is the onset, peak, and duration of intermediate insulin?
Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: 6-12 hours
Duration: 24 hours
What are some examples of long acting insulin?Lantus, Levemir What is the onset, peak and duration of long acting insulin?
Onset: 2 hours
Peak: NONE
Duration: 24 hours
What is truly our GO TO oral diabetes medication?Metformin (Biguanides) What is the maximum daily dosage of Metformin?2,550 mg in a day What labs do we need to monitor when a patient is on Metformin?Monitor renal function, if GFR drop to less than 30- have to discontinue Metformin Why does Metformin need to be stopped prior to having any procedure with contrast?Contrast dye is harsh on the kidneys, need to be sure that there is pause with that Metformin so that their kidneys are not seriously injured.Long term usage of Metformin can lead to what deficiency? 3 / 4
pg. 4 B12 deficiency anemia How does Metformin impact weight?Metformin is weight NEUTRAL, some patient even will have weight loss with this drug Does Metformin cause hypoglycemia?NO, Metformin works in the body by inhibiting glucose production in the liver.Due to that there are no issues with hypoglycemia What are some examples of SGLT-2 inhibitors?All the -flozin's Empagiflozin What is the MOA for SGLT-2 inhibitors?Reduce absorption of glucose in the renal tubules, the patient will urinate out the extra glucose What lab should be assessed prior to prescribing SGLT-2 inhibitors?Renal function Does SGLT-2 inhibitors cause hypoglycemia?SGLT-2 inhibitors have a LOW risk for hypoglycemia What education is required for patients who are on SGLT-2 inhibitors?Staying hydrated and reporting any new urinary issues What patients are NOT good candidates for SGLT-2 inhibitors?Patients who cannot make it to the bathroom in time Patients with frequent UTIs or yeast infections already What is a major perk to SGLT-2 inhibitors?They are cardio-protective- they have shown to reduce overall risk of mortality associated with coexisting cardiac conditions, and they may even prevent future cardiac issues.What diabetes medication classes are cardioprotective?SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists
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