2024 VTNE Study Guide ( Version 4 ) New Q&A in Study Guide - A++ Guaranteed!
- What does it mean if an animal is a paratenic host of a parasite?
Answer: The parasite does not undergo development on the animal. A paratenic host is also known as a transport host. This indicates a type of intermediate host on which a parasite does not undergo development into the next stage.
- What is a definitive host?
Answer: The definitive host harbors the adult, sexual stage of a parasite
- What is a intermediate host?
Answer: The intermediate host harbors larval, asexual, or immature forms of a parasite.
- What is a reservoir host?
Answer: A reservoir host is another vertebrate host for a parasite that serves as a source of infection for people or domestic animals.
- Which of the following tests is best for evaluating a dog with possible exocrine
pancreatic insufficiency?
Answer: Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity or TLI
- What are Brachyodont teeth?
Answer: Brachyodont teeth- This means that they have a small crown relative to the size of the roots, and the apex of the each tooth root is only open for a brief period during development and does not continue to erupt
- What are hypsodont teeth?
Answer: Horses, rodents, and lagomorphs have hypsodont teeth, which means that they have a relatively large amount of crown that is beneath the gingival margin as well as a root structure that allows for continued eruption during most of the animala's lifetime.
- A diet high in concentrates or grains may lead to which of the following in cattle?
Answer: Rumenal acidosis or decreased pH may occur when feeding a high concentrate diet. This is due to microbes fermenting the starches in the grains too quickly such that the pH drops dramatically or less than a pH of 5.5. This increased acidity in the rumen can cause severe damage to the rumenal papillae.
- Pre-renal azotemia is most commonly caused by which of the following
Answer: De- hydration is the most common cause of pre-renal azotemia. Azotemia is the term for elevated renal values or BUN and creatinine. When a patient is dehydrated, renal values may be elevated. When re-hydration occurs, renal values should return to normal.
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- What would cause primary renal azotemia?
Answer: Renal failure or acute or chronic causes primary renal azotemia.
- What would cause post-renal azotemia?
Answer: Post-renal azotemia is most often caused by obstruction either in the bladder or urethra, which prevents urine from being voided.
- Which of the following statements regarding inhalant anesthetics is true?-
Answer: Drugs with low solubility or blood/gas solubility coefficients produce rapid induction and recovery rates
- What is MAC?
Answer: MAC is a measure of anesthetic potency or the concentration of drug required to prevent response to a stimulus in 50% of patients.
- The menace test will elicit which response? Which two nerves is this testing?
Answer: Blink, Cranial nerves II and VII- The menace is when you wave your hand to the eye to try and elicit a blinking response. This is testing vision via the Optic nerve or Cranial nerve II.
- Which of the following retractors would you hand a surgeon if he/she needs to be able to
retract the liver out of the way?Answer: Malleable retractors are bendable in multiple directions and have no sharp edges.This makes them ideal to use in areas such as the abdomen to gently push delicate organs out of the way.
- What is a Senn rake retractor used for?
Answer: Senn rake retractors are small hand-held retractors that are usually used to retract small muscle bellies, tendons, or ligaments and thus would not be appropriate for the retraction of a liver lobe.
- What are Gelpi retractors used for?
Answer: Gelpis retractors are self-retraining re- tractors with sharp points. They should never be used to retract abdominal organs.
- What are Balfour retractors used for?
Answer: Balfour retractors are only used to retract the body wall
- Which of the following principles will always improve radiographic image quality?
Answer: Use the highest milliampere or mA setting and lowest time setting possible to achieve the desired mAs
- Where would you find Anaplasma marginale?
Answer: Erythrocytes of cattle- Anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent tick-borne pathogen in livestock. This is a rickettsial disease, and the organisms are found in the red 2 / 3
blood cells of cattle.
- Which of the following is an anticoagulant that DOES NOT chelate calcium?
Answer: Heparin
- What is the shape of a bacillus such as the bacteria that causes anthrax, Bacillus
anthracis?
Answer: A bacillus is a rod- or cylindrical- shaped bacterium.
- What shape are cocci?
Answer: Circular or round bacteria are cocci.
- The tooth crown is covered with which of the following?
Answer: Enamel is the hard mineralized surface of the tooth. It is made up of
hydroxyapatite, or calcium phosphate.
- What is cementum?
Answer: The cementum is the thin calcified layer of tissue that covers the dentin of the tooth root.
- What is dentin?
Answer: The tooth itself is made up mostly of dentin. The dentin is covered by the enamel on the crown and by cementum on the roots.
- What is pulp?
Answer: The pulp is the center part of a tooth that is made up of living connective tissue and is the softest part containing nerve fibers.
- What is skyline view?
Answer: Skyline view is taken with the carpus flexed and the x-ray cassette placed along the anterior aspect of the limb. The x-ray beam is aimed from proximally to distally and an oblique angle. This technique is used in equine radiography most frequently to view the distal radius, the proximal row of carpal bones, and the distal row of carpal bones where chip or slab fractures commonly occur, especially in racehorses. Sclerosis of the carpal bone can also be visualized here.
- When taking a radiograph of the radius and ulna, which of the following will occur if the x-
ray beam is perpendicular to the cassette but not to the long axis of the radius and ulna?Answer: The radius and ulna will appear foreshortened- To avoid distortion or elongation or foreshortening, the x-ray beam should be perpendicular to the long axis of the bone and the x- ray cassette. If the bones are not perpendicular to the beam, they will appear foreshortened. If the cassette is not perpendicular to the beam, the bones will appear elongated.
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