2024 VTNE Small Animal Critical Care Exam New Full Exam Questions and Answers ( Included ) 100% Correct
- You are assisting the emergency veterinarian with a dog who has a GDV. The
doctor is ready to place an orogastric tube and the patient is awake on the exam table. Which of the following is true regarding this procedure?The tube should be held lower than the patient to aid in removal of gastric contents The tube should be held above the patient to help prevent aspiration The tube should only be placed after the stomach is trocharized The tube should only be placed while the patient is anesthetized Answer: *The tube should be held lower than the patient to aid in removal of gastric contents* The patient does not always have to be anesthetized for placement of the tube, however, many patients require some sedation. The tube is measured prior to placement (to just the last rib) and when inserted into the esophagus and into the stomach, the other end is held downward (lower than the patient) so that gravity will help to allow removal of stomach contents. If the tube cannot be placed, the stomach may be trocharized to relieve pressure.
- You are working in the critical care unit and learning to perform central venous
pressure readings. What is a normal CVP reading?Less than 0 cm H2O 0-10 cm H2O 90-120 cm H2O 10-15 cm H2O 15-20 cm H2O
Answer: *0-10 cm H2O*
The central venous pressure is the blood pressure of the thoracic vena cava. It is very helpful in monitoring the hydration status of a patient. A value less than zero 1 / 2
would indicate dehydration and a value starting to trend upward around 5-8 indicates adequate fluids. Readings over 10 may indicate fluid overload or venous congestion.These values should always be interpreted in light of the patient's clinical status (i.e.body weight, skin turgor, heart rate, mucus membrane status, etc).
- You are assisting with thoracocentesis and the fluid removed from the chest has a
very foul odor. Which of the following types of pleural effusions is most likely?Chylothorax Hemothorax Pneumothorax Pyothorax
Answer: *Pyothorax*
Pyothorax is purulent fluid (pus) in the pleural space and most often has a very foul odor.Chylothorax is chyle (lymphatic fluid) in the pleural space. Hemothorax is blood in the pleural space. Pneumothorax is air in the pleural space.
- Which food consumed by humans can be highly toxic to dogs and cats?
Carrots Spinach Bananas Grapes Tomatoes
Answer: *Grapes*
Explanation - Grapes and raisins can cause severe kidney problems/failure in some cats and dogs. This may be due to the high levels of oxalates they contain.Other toxic foods include macadamia nuts, onions, and chocolate. Coffee, alcohol, yeast dough, nutmeg, and sugarless gum containing xylitol can also cause severe
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