2024 VTNE Lab Questions set 2 Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers
- Struvite crystals are one of the most common observed in urine. What are the
chemical constituents of struvite?Ammonium, silica, and carbon Magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate Magnesium, bilirubin, and phosphate Calcium and phosphate
Answer: Magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate
Explanation Struvite crystals are made up of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate.
- A cat presents with watery diarrhea. On fecal examination, a wet mount shows
motile protozoal trophozoites; a centrifugal zinc sulfate fecal flotation shows cysts of the parasite. Which of the following is the most acceptable treatment?
Praziquantel Pyrantel Sulfadimethoxine Amoxicillin Metronidazole
Answer: Metronidazole
Explanation The diagnostic test findings for this cat are consistent with Giardia infection. While technicians do not diagnose patients, technicians routinely do fecal tests and should be able to identify common parasites under the microscope.
Metronidazole has been shown to be effective at clearing the pathogen and reducing cyst shedding of this zoonotic disease. Care should always be taken with metron- idazole in kittens due to potential side effects.
Fenbendazole, or Panacur, is another treatment option for Giardia, especially for dogs, but efficacy has not been extensively evaluated in cats.
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic and is not used in treating Giardia. Pyrantel is used to treat hookworms and roundworms. 1 / 3
Praziquantel is used to treat tapeworms. Sulfadimethoxine (Albon) is used for treating coccidia.
- Which of the following would not be an underlying cause for a urine specific
gravity of less than 1.020?Renal failure Dehydration Diabetes mellitus Hypoadrenocorticism
Answer: Dehydration
Explanation Dehydration usually results in an elevated urine concentration (USG > 1.050).Overhydration would result in an increased urine output in an effort to return to a normal hydration state. This would result in more dilute urine.
Renal failure, hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's), and diabetes mellitus can all be causes of dilute urine and all cause polyuria and polydipsia.
- You are enrolled in a technician training session at a laboratory primate center and
are observing the handling of macaque monkeys for blood sampling. You are required to wear personal protective equipment, mostly to prevent possible exposure to which disease?Herpes B Virus Influenza A Hepatitis B Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Answer: Herpes B Virus
Explanation Herpes B Virus is a very serious and often deadly zoonotic disease that can be carried by macaque monkeys. It is the disease of most concern in a primate lab animal setting. It causes neurologic signs and can have a mortality rate of around 80% for humans. Bites, scratches, or exposure to mucus membranes including the eyes or mouth from infected saliva can cause transmission.Primates can carry Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (not HIV) and it can be zoonotic.
- You are processing a fluid sample from a cerebrospinal fluid tap. There is some
blood contamination of the sample. Which of the following values 2 / 3
can be most significantly changed by blood contamination and is frequently corrected for when analyzing the results?Glucose level Nucleated cell count Protein level Specific gravity
Answer: Nucleated cell count
Explanation
White blood cells from circulation can artificially raise the nucleated cell count of a CSF sample because there are normally very few (<25/ul) nucleated cells in normal CSF, and even relatively small volumes of blood contamination may introduce white blood cells into the sample. This can also alter the differential cell count. Protein levels and specific gravity should not be dramatically affected. Also, glucose should not be dramatically altered; it is not routinely measured in CSF and is usually only requested in special circumstances.
- The viscosity of synovial fluid is directly related to which component in the fluid?
Erythrocytes Cartilage Acetic acid Hyaluronic acid
Answer: Hyaluronic acid
Explanation Hyaluronic acid is found in all connective tissues. It is highest in the joints where it acts as a cushion. In inflammatory conditions, the fluid gets thinner, and thus the overall quality of the joint fluid decreases. To test the viscosity or "stickiness" of the fluid, take a drop of synovial fluid between two fingers, press and pull your fingers apart. The stringy component (viscosity) of the fluid is related to the hyaluronic acid component.
- You are preparing to collect abdominal fluid from a horse presented for signs of
colic. Collection of abdominal fluid for cytologic examination should be collected in what type of sample tube?EDTA (purple top) Sodium citrate (blue top) Clot tube (red top) Sodium heparin (green top)
Answer: EDTA (purple top)
Explanation Cells from fluid samples are best preserved and prevented from clotting in an EDTA tube.Power
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