2024 VTNE Exotic Animals Lab Questions New Full Questions and Answers ( Included ) 100% Correct
- Tyzzer's Disease
Answer:
Contagious bacterial disease in rats, gerbils, rabbits, and horses Caused by Clostridium piliforme (Bacillus piliformis)
- Psittacine
Answer:
Relating to, resembling, or characteristic of parrots Belonging to the family Psittacidae, which includes parrots, macaws, and parakeets
- Passerine
Answer: Of or relating to birds of the order Passeriformes
Includes perching birds and songbirds such as the jays, blackbirds, finches, war- blers, and sparrows
- Recommended psittacine diet
Answer:
45-50% cereals and grains 45-50% vegetables ~5% fruits ~5% meats / dairy Mineral supplementation
- Organisms inhabiting the caged bird digestive system
Answer: Predominantly gram-positive
Gram stains of fecal specimens are used to determine the bacterial flora of the digestive tract
- Cloacal swab
Answer: Moistened swab is inserted into the cloaca to retrieve cells
Done on psittacine species to determine the bacterial flora of the lower gastrointestinal tract
Cytologic: inflammatory cells (e.g. heterophils) C&S, detecting Chlamydia psittaci, viral isolation
- Crop wash
Answer: Saline is flushed into the crop via a tube
Sample is retrieved to examine for protozoans (e.g. Trichomonas) and yeast (Can- 1 / 4
dida albicans), as well as allow for cytologic examination
- Heterophil
Answer: Granular leukocyte similar to the human neutrophil but found in animals
(reptiles, avian species) Granules have variable sizes and staining characteristics
- Body temperature of psittacine species
Answer: 102-104 degrees F
- Recommended venipuncture site for psittacine species
Answer: Right jugular vein
Can also use the basilic vein and the medial metatarsal vein
- Recommended site for injections of drugs in birds
Answer: The large pectoral muscle mass
- Wing clipping in birds
Answer:
Heavier birds: primary flight feathers
Lighter birds: primary and secondary flight feathers
- Chlamydophila psittaci
Answer: Avian chlamydiosis
Top differential diagnosis for a sick bird that has nonspecific clinical illness (e.g.diarrhea, vomiting, ocular and respiratory signs, malaise) Zoonotic (psittacosis)
- Colonic wash
Answer: Fecal sample collection method for reptiles
- Reasons toenail clipping is generally discouraged for obtaining a blood sample
Answer:
Painful (may cause transient lameness) Low blood yield Unreliable hematologic results from blood obtained from that site
- Venipuncture in reptiles
Answer: Varying sites, depending on species
Snakes and lizards: caudal / coccygeal vein of tail, cardiac puncture, ventral
abdominal vein 2 / 4
Turtles: jugular vein
Large crocodilians, turtles, and tortoises: occipital sinus, caudal tail vein Small
lizards: peribulbar and retrobulbar plexus
- Ideal atmospheric conditions for captive reptiles
Answer: Temperature: 75-90 degrees F (convalescing animals should be kept on the
warmer end of the scale) Humidity: 50-70%
- Injections in reptilian species
Answer: Usually on the cranial half of the body (epaxial muscles, biceps / triceps brachii)
- Why do you generally avoid injecting medication into the caudal part of the
body for avian and reptilian species?Answer: Easy assimilation into the renal portal system, with potentially nephrotoxic results
- Common vitamin deficiency in turtles
Answer: Vitamin A
- Metabolic bone disease
Answer: Reptile disease (most common in lizards and turtles)
Caused by low calcium intake, low vitamin D3 intake, or excess phosphorus intake Prevented by appropriate diet and adequate exposure to full-spectrum UV light
- Preferred venipuncture site for ferrets
Answer: Cranial vena cava
Jugular venipuncture can be done but is difficult due to the ferret's thick skin and subcutaneous fat
- Estrogen toxicity
Answer: Potentially fatal condition of female ferrets
Ferrets are induced ovulators and will not cycle out of estrus unless bred Can lead to severe anemia and thrombocytopenia due to the toxic effects of estrogen on the bone marrow
- Indicator that a ferret has been spayed / neutered and descented
Answer: One or two blue dots on the pinna
- Common endrocrine disease in ferrets
Answer: Adrenal hyperplasia
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- Human disease that ferrets are susceptible to
Answer: Influenza
- Canine disease that ferrets are susceptible to
Answer: Canine distemper - ferrets should be vaccinated against it
Also, ferrets can get heartworm disease like canines can, so they should also be on heartworm preventative
- Ferret vaccinations
Answer: Canine distemper and rabies
- Diet for ferrets
Answer: Ferrets are strict carnivores
Diet should be custom to ferrets or a high-quality cat food can be used
- Common preanestetic drug inactivated in rabbits
Answer: Rabbits have atropinesterase, which inactivates atropine
- Most common IV injection and venipuncture site for rabbits
Answer: Marginal ear vein
- Bacterial dermatitis in rabbits
Answer:
Pasteurella multocida Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Fusobacterium spp.
- Ear mite in rabbits
Answer: Psoroptes cuniculi
- Fur mite in rabbits
Answer: Cheyletiella parasitovorax
- Rabbit lice
Answer: Haemodipsus ventricosus
- Fungal dermatopathies in rabbits
Answer:
Microsporum gypseum Trichophyton mentagrophytes
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