2024 VTNE Critical Care Exam 2 Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers
1. A butterfly catheter is most commonly used to:
Answer: Administer an IV injection.
- You are assisting the emergency veterinarian with a dog who has a GDV. The
doctor is ready to place an orogastric tube and the patient is awake on the exam table. Which of the following is true regarding this procedure?Answer: The tube should be held lower than the patient to aid in removal of gastric contents.
- A 3-year old female cow presents with a decreased appetite, decreased manure
production, and decreased milk production. She calved three weeks ago and has been less active than normal. You auscultate the GI tract and elicit a pinging noise on the left side of the abdomen. Which of the following emergencies is most likely to be occurring?
Answer: Left displaced abomasum.
- An adult canine patient is in cardiac arrest and it is your job to administer thoracic
compressions. How fast should you give compressions?
Answer: 80-120 beats per minute.
- The acronym DIC stands for which of the following?
Answer: Disseminated intravascular coagulation.
- An animal presents with difficulty breathing. You take the animal to the treatment
area. The doctor is on the way. What do you do first?
Answer: Administer supplemental oxygen.
- What constitutes anemia?
Answer: A low packed cell volume.
- Which is true regarding epinephrine?
Answer: It is a sympathomimetic.
- Upon examining this 7 year old female spayed Dachshund, you notice her mucous
membrane color is abnormal. What term would your write in the medical record to describe your findings?
Answer: Icterus.
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- Which of the following may be a cause of post-renal azotemia?
Answer: Urethral obstruction.
- A large canine patient that has been in the hospital developed a decubital ulcer.
What is likely causing this?
Answer: Pressure from laying in one position for too long.
- A Yorkshire Terrier who has given birth 2 weeks ago presents with a history of
tremoring. She is febrile and not eating well. On her electrolyte panel which of the following would you expect to see?
Answer: Hypocalcemia.
- During calving, the rupture of the umbilical cord before birth causes which of the
following?
Answer: Hypoxia in the calf.
- A 6-year old collie presents after falling out of a moving vehicle. The dog has
an open tibial fracture and pulmonary contusions. What would be the best way to immediately stabilize the fracture?
Answer: Robert-Jones bandage.
- For which of the following emergency situations would you most likely pass a
stomach tube in a dog?
Answer: Gastric-dilatation-volvulus.
- An animal with pleural effusion may require which procedure for stabilization?
Answer: Thoracocentesis.
- A dog tries to swallow his ball and it gets stuck in the back of his throat. He is
breathing very slowly and is not ventilating properly. He is alert but the obstructive breathing is a concern. Which of the following abnormalities would you expect?
Answer: Respiratory acidosis.
- You are instructed to give a patient fluids per os. How are these administered?
Answer: Orally.
- You are instructed to add 40 mEq of potassium chloride (KCl) to a 1 Liter bag
of 0.9% sodium chloride for a patient. The patient to receive fluids weighs 50 pounds and will be on a rate of 85 mL/hr. You know that the maximum potassium a patient should receive is 0.5 mEq/kg/hr. What is his potassium intake, and is it too high?
Answer: 3.4 mEq/hr; No. 2 / 3
First, calculate how many mEq/hr he will be receiving with this dose and rate: (There are 1,000 mL in 1 Liter) 40 mEq/1000 mL = 0.04 mEq/mL
Next multiply by his fluid rate:
0.04 mEq/mL X 85 mL/hr (mL cancel out) = 3.4 mEq/hr he is receiving currently
Now calculate his maximum dose: Convert his body weight to kg: 50 pounds/2.2 pounds/kg = 22.7kg 0.5 mEq X 22.7 kg = 11.3 maximum mEq/hr he can have
He is getting 3.4 and his max is 11.3, so he is only getting about 1/3 of his maximum.
- An increase in the total protein, PCV, and BUN with a urine specific gravity of
1.061 may be due to:
Answer: Dehydration.
- You have a bottle of 50% Dextrose. You are asked to add it to a bag of LRS for a
pet in diabetic ketoacidosis to create a 2.5% solution. The pet has 800 mL left in his bag. How much will you add to his bag?
Answer: 40 mLs.
800 mL X 0.025 = 20 mL. If this were 100% dextrose, adding 20 mL to the bag would create the 2.5% concentration. Since it is 50% dextrose, this number must be
doubled: So, 20 mL X 2 = 40 mL
Draw out 40 mL from the bag (now there are 760 mL left in the bag). Add in 40 mL of
50% Dextrose. Now, 2.5% of the total 800 mL is Dextrose. Double check the math:
40 mL/ 800mL = 0.05 (i.e. 5%) divided by 2 {because it was 50% dextrose that was added) = 0.025 = 2.5%.
- A 5-year-old female spayed domestic short hair cat presents on emergency for
acute vomiting, weakness, hypersalivation, and tremoring. Her heart rate is 240 bpm and her temperature is elevated at 104.2F. The owner applied an over-the-counter flea control product to her skin earlier in the day. What toxicity is suspected?
Answer: Permethrin.
- A cat presents with a history of having difficulty walking and is dragging one
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of his back legs. The limb is cool to the touch. The veterinarian diagnoses a saddle thrombus. Which of the following underlying diseases is most likely present in this cat?