2024 NGN NCLEX RN Review Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%
1. Normal Sodium level:
Answer:
135-145
2. Hyponatremia:
Answer:
low sodium in the blood
Chronic: Anorexia, Nausea, Emesis, Muscular, Weakness, Irritability
Severe: gait changes, stupor, seizures, coma
3. causes of hyponatremia:
Answer:
Causes of hyponatremia:
Diuretics-Thiazide Drugs Dietary Changes,Low Na diet, Excessive water intake with sweating Fad diets, Anorexia nervosa.GI vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, Tap water enemas,diuretics, kidney disease
4. Treatments for hyponatremia:
Answer:
0.9% NaCl, accurate I&O, vitals (pulse), watch for signs of water intoxication, monitor blood gases, watch for respiratory difficulties
5. Hypernatremia: high sodium in the blood
Mild:
Answer:
thirst, rough dry tongue, dry sticky mucous membranes, tachycardia, fever, flushed dry skin
Severe: disorientation, hallucinations, lethargy, irritability, seizure, coma
6. causes of hypernatremia: 1 / 3
Answer:
Causes:
Dietary Changes-Excessive Salt intake Excessive IV Saline Deprivation of water GI Disorders (Watery Diarrhea) Decreased Renal Function Insensible Water Loss Heat Stroke Salt water drowning Head Injury Trauma
7. treatments for hypernatremia:
Answer:
restrict sodium intake, identify drugs that are sodium retaining, monitor Na levels daily, check for rales, edema in lower extremities, I&O, Urine specific gravity
8. urine specific gravity level:
Answer:
>1.015
9. normal potassium levels:
Answer:
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
10. hypokalemia:
Answer:
low potassium nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, vertigo, ventricular arrhythmias, hypotension, polyuria, muscle cramps, alkalosis, lethargy
11. causes of hyponatremia:
Answer:
Malnutrition; Alcoholism 2 / 3
Potassium wasting diuretics Renal Failure, Hyperaldosteronism Steroids GI Losses;laxative abuse,diarrhea,vomiting,gastric suctioning Trauma & injury, excessive sweating Alkalosis, Insulin
12. treatments for hypokalemia:
Answer:
oral supplements or food replacement, KCl(20-40) meq, Kay Ciel, Kaochlor, oral potassium is extremely irritating to the stomach and should be diluted in water
13. hyperkalemia:
Answer:
high potassium Abd cramps Tachycardia Widened QRS Ventricular arrhythmia Cardiac Arrest Oliguria Numbness face, tongue, feet , hands
14. causes of hyperkalemia:
Answer:
Excessive K intake, IV K Infusions Decreased renal function K sparing diuretics -Aldactone,Dyrenium Metabolic Acidosis,Hypergylcemia Addisons disease Hemolysis, Chemotherapy Tissue damage, crush injuries, burns Drugs: Capotril,Cyclosporin, Heparin, Dig toxicity,Penicillin Salts, Beta Blockers
15. treatments for hyperkalemia:
Answer:
Potassium restriction
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