2024 NASM CPT Exam 2 New Full Questions and Answers ( Included ) 100% Correct
- nervous system
Answer: communication network within the body.
- nervous system functions
Answer:
1. sensory: changes in the environment
2. integrative: analyze and interpret
3. motor: the neuromuscular response
- Central nervous system (CNS)
Answer: brain and spinal cord; coordinates activity of the body
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Answer: nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body and environment.
subdivisions:
- somatic
- autonomic
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
- Somatic
Answer:
- apart of the PNS
- serves outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle; voluntary
- Autonomic
Answer:
- apart of the PNS
- involuntary systems (e.g., heart, digestion).
subdivisions:
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
Answer:
- apart of the autonomic system of the PNS 1 / 4
- decreases activation during rest and recovery.
- Sympathetic
Answer:
- apart of the autonomic system of the PNS
- increases activation to prep for activity.
- Neuron
Answer: functional unit of the nervous system.
- motor (efferent)
- sensory (afferent)
- motor neurons
Answer:
- efferent
- transmit nerve impulses from CNS to effector sites.
- sensory neurons
Answer:
- afferent
- respond to stimuli; transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to CNS.
- Mechanoreceptors
Answer: sense distortion in body tissues.
- Joint receptors
Answer: respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints.
- Golgi tendon organs (GTO)
Answer: sense changes in muscular tension.
- Muscle spindles
Answer: sense changes in muscle length.
- Tendons
Answer: connect muscle to bone; provide anchor for muscles to produce force.
- Fascia
Answer: outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle.
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- Fascicles
Answer: bundle of individual muscle fibers.
- Muscle fiber
Answer: cellular components and myofibrils encased in a plasma mem- brane.
- Sarcomere
Answer: produces muscular contraction; repeating sections of actin and myosin.
- Sliding filament theory
Answer: thick and thin filaments slide past one another, shortening the entire sarcomere.
- Type I muscle tissue
Answer:
- slow twitch
- smaller size; fatigue slowly.
- Type II muscle tissue
Answer:
- fast twitch
- larger size; quick to produce maximal tension; fatigue quickly.
- Motor unit
Answer: one motor neuron and the muscle fibers it connects with.
- Neural activation
Answer: contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation.
- Neurotransmitters
Answer: chemical messengers that transport impulses from nerve to muscle.
- Local stabilization system
Answer: attach directly to vertebrae. Consists of: transverse abdominis, internal oblique, multifidus, pelvic floor, diaphragm.
- Global stabilization system
Answer: attach from pelvis to spine. Consists of: quadratus lumborum, psoas major, external oblique, rectus abdominis, gluteus medius, adductor complex, portions of internal oblique.
- Movement system
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Answer: attach spine and/or pelvis to extremities. Consists of: latissimus dorsi, hip flexors, hamstring complex, quadriceps.
- Axial skeleton
Answer: skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.
- Appendicular skeleton
Answer: upper and lower extremities, shoulder and pelvic girdles.
- Skeletal system functions
Answer: supports, protects, allows bodily movement, pro- duces blood, stores minerals.
- Skeletal depressions
Answer: lattened or indented portions of abone;can be muscle attachment sites.
- Skeletal Processes
Answer: projection protruding from a bone; muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach.
- Ligaments
Answer: connects bone to bone; little blood supply; slow to heal.
- Arthrokinematics
Answer: joint motion.
- Non-synovial joints
Answer: no joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage; little to no movement.
- Synovial joints
Answer: held together by joint capsule and ligaments; associated with movement.
- Major motion types
Answer: roll, slide, and spin.
- Hinge joint
Answer: elbows, ankles; sagittal plane movement.
- Ball-and-socket joint
Answer: shoulders, hips ;most mobile, all three planes of motion.
- Weight-bearing exercise
Answer: the best method of exercise to strengthen bones.
- Endocrine system
Answer: system of glands; secretes hormones to regulate bodily function
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