2024 CTR Exam Study Guide 1 Study Guide With 100% Verified Answers
- cell membrane
Answer: separates the internal structures from the extracellular fluid. Is selective permeable
- cytoplasm
Answer: clear thick gel containing carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and other
chemicals that surround the nucleus in the cell
3. cytosol:
Answer: intracellular fluid
- Organelles
Answer: Bodies in the cytoplasm that perform specific functions needed for cell
survival
5. Ribosomes:
Answer: minute rounded bodies in the cytoplasm composed of protein and RNA.
Involved w/ protein synthesis
- Nucleolus
Answer: believed to function in the production of ribosomes that migrate into the cytoplasm
- Homeostasis
Answer: internal and external environments remain constant and in balance
- Diffusion
Answer: molecules or ions spread from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until it is uniform throughout.
- Active Transport
Answer: Allows a cell to maintain a state of non-equilibrium at the cost of using energy in the transport process.
10. DNA
Answer: controls cellular activity by controlling protein synthesis and transmits hereditary information to new cells through DNA synthesis.
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- DNA synthesis
Answer: Occurs when the DNA molecule uncoils, the nucleotide bases are exposed,
and free nucleotides are matched up with the exposed nucleotides by DNA polymerase
12. RNA
Answer: part of a messenger system through which DNA controls protein
production w/in the cell
- mRNA
Answer: messenger RNA; recipe for building a protein
- Enzymes
Answer: proteins that act as a catalyst
- cell cycle
Answer: series of changes the cell goes through from the time it is first formed until it divides into two daughter cells.
- S-phase
Answer: DNA synthesis occurs. Between the M and S-phase is a gap (G1) where
production of RNA, proteins, and enzymes needed for DNA synthesis occur.
17. G2
Answer: Between S-phase and M-phase is a gap, cells are thought to prepare when
specialized proteins and RNA are produced.
18. G0
Answer: is a dormant phase
- Mitosis
Answer: Cells reproduce
- Prophase
Answer: Centrosomes separate and migrate to opposite poles Centrioles separate
Chromatin is transformed into chromosomes composed of pairs of filaments (chromatid) The nuclear membrane disappears
- Metaphase
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Answer: Paired chromosomes become lined up between the centrioles