2024 CPPS 303 - Gut Hormones 1 | Complete Answers 100% Correct
- What is an important part of the gut-brain axis in the control of GI function?-
Answer: astrointestinal hormonesG
- What are the 3 parallel components of the gut brain axis in the control of GI
function
Answer:
The enteric nervous system (ENS) GI hormones The immune system
- What is the enteric nervous system?
Answer: A "minibrain" with sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons
- What is the function of a surface absorptive cell (enterocyte)
Answer: Nutrient ab- sorption
- What is the function of a goblet cell?
Answer: secrete mucin and create a protective mucus layer
- What is the function of enteric endocrine (enteroendocrine) cell?
Answer: secrete gut hormones
- What is the function of a paneth cell?
Answer: secrete antimicrobial peptides, host defence against microbes
- Where are paneth cells located?
Answer: At the base of small intestinal crypts
- What are the cell types in the gut epithelium
Answer:
Enterocyte Goblet cell Enteroendocrine cell Paneth cell Undifferentiated crypt cell Stem, progenitor cell
- What is the source of gastric inhibitory peptide (glucose-dependent in-
sulinotropic polypeptide), GIP 1 / 2
Answer: K cell in the duodenum and jejunum
- What does the release of gastric inhibitory peptide cause?
Answer: increase in insulin release
- What is the target of somatostatin
Answer: Pancrease
- What does the release of somatostatin result in?
Answer: decrease in endocrine/exocrine secretions
- What activates luminal receptors on the apical membrane?
Answer: Nutrients and their interaction with gut microbiota & BAs in the intestinal lumen
- What induces the synthesis and release of gut hormones into the subep ithelial
space?
Answer: Activation of intracellular metabolism causing a calcium influx
- What are other ways secretion of gut hormones can be stimulated?
Answer: circulating hormones and glucose or by stimulation from enteric nerves
- How do secreted gut hormones coorperate with enterocytes?
Answer: via local paracrine action
- Whats an example of secreted gut hormones acting systemically with endocrine
and neural functions?
Answer: activation of afferent neurons located in the GI wall
- How does fat absorption couple with gut hormone secretion in the upper
intestine?
Answer: Hydrolisis of TAG in chylomicrons in the local intestinal space lead to
release of LCFA which leads to activation of FA receptors releasing gut hormone secretion
- What sense luminal nutrients and secrete hormones in response?
Answer: Enteroendocrine cells (EEC)
- What happens with the secreted hormones from EECs
- / 2
Answer: They can enter the bloodstream and affect distant targets or act in paracrine fashion