2024 CPPS 303 - Gastrointestinal 1 Overview of the Gastrointestinal System

2024 CPPS 303 - Gastrointestinal 1 ( Overview of the Gastrointestinal System ) Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers

• Other Names for the Gastrointestinal (GI) System

Answer:

• Alimentary Canal
• Digestive Tract

• Inlet of GI

Answer: Oral Cavity

• Mouth

• Outlet of GI

Answer: Anus

• General flow of structures of GI system

Answer:

• Mouth
• Pharynx (throat)
• Salivary glands
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Pancreas
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Sm Intestine
• Lg Intestine
• Appendix
• Rectum
• Anus

• 2 Components of Digestive System

Answer:

1) Luminal/Tubular GI tract 2) Accessory Components

• 1) Luminal/Tubular GI tract

Answer: Luminal structures from oral cavity to anus

• Mouth 1 / 3

• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Sm Intestine
• Lg Intestine

All part of the external environment

• 2) Accessory Components

Answer: Produce secretions to assist chemical breakdown of food (except teeth & tongue)

• Teeth
• Tongue
• Salivary Glands
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas

• Purpose of GI sphincters

Answer: To control the direction of flow

• 4 Anatomical Regions of the GI tract

Answer:

1) Mouth and Esophagus 2) Stomach 3) Sm Intestine 4) Lg Intestine

• Sphincters of the Mouth and Esophagus (2)

Answer:

• Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES)
• Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)

Maintains unidirectional flow from oral cavity to stomach

11. Mouth/Esophagus: Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES)

Answer: Between the pharynx and esophagus

• Controls part of deglutition (swallowing)
• Skeletal Muscle (voluntary) 2 / 3

12. Mouth/Esophagus: Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)

Answer: Between the esophagus and stomach

• Prevents regurgitation of the stomach content
• Smooth Muscle

• Sphincters of the Stomach (2)

Answer:

• Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)
• Pyloric Sphincter

14. Stomach: Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)

Answer: Between the esophagus and stomach

• Prevent gastroesophageal Reflux
• Smooth Muscle

15. Stomach: Pyloric Sphincter

Answer: Between the stomach and the duodenum

• Controls stomach emptying into the Sm Intestine
• Prevents gastric content >2mm from endering the duodenum
• Smooth Muscle

• Sections of the small intestine (3)

Answer:

1) duodenum 2) jejunum 3) ileum

• Sphincters of the small intestine (3)

Answer:

• Pyloric Sphincter
• Ileocolic Sphincter
• Sphincter of Oddi

18. Sm Intestine: Pyloric Sphincter

Answer: Between the stomach and the duodenum

• Prevents excessive acidic gastric content from entering the duodenum
• Smooth Muscle

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