1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE

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Table of Contents

1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE

2. CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FOUNDATIONS

3. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND GENETIC DISEASES

4. CELL PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

5. INFECTIOUS DISEASE

6. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION

7. NEOPLASIA

8. BLOOD AND CLOTTING

9. CIRCULATION

10. HEART

11. LUNGS

12. KIDNEYS

13. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

14. LIVER

15. NERVOUS SYSTEM

16. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

17. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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Test Bank - Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology: Essentials for Clinical Practice, 1st Edition (Nancy Tkacs, 2021)/ Chapter 1-17 ANSWERS (Answer Key) AT END OF CHAPTERS

Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL

PRACTICE

1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:

• fever.
• fatigue.
• redness.
• granuloma.

• The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by

momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:

• bleeding.
• congestion.
• pale skin.
• coolness.

• The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of

leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great numbers?

• Basophils
• Lymphocytes
• Neutrophils
• Platelets 3 / 4

• The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initial

step in the process?

• Engulfment
• Intracellular killing
• Antigen margination
• Recognition and adherence

• Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary

permeability and pain?

• Serotonin
• Histamine
• Bradykinin
• Nitric oxide

• Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the

following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?

• Serous
• Fibrinous
• Suppurative
• Membranous

• The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset

of inflammation and includes:

• fever and lethargy.
• decreased C-reactive protein.
• positive nitrogen balance.
• low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

• In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by

which of the following phenomena?

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