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Pediatrics HESI Practice Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded A+
1. The nurse would suggest genetic counseling for each of the following except:
(A) Sickle cell anemia (B) B-thalassemia (C) Hemophilia A (D) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Correct Answer: (D)
Rationale: This is an inflammation of the small blood vessels of the skin, joints, bowels, and kidneys and is common in children. However, it is not genetic.
- The mother of a six-year-old child arrives at the clinic because the child has been
experiencing red and swollen eyes. The nurse notes a discharge from the eyes and sends a culture to the lab. Chlamydia conjunctivitis is diagnosed. On the basis of this diagnosis, the nurse determines that which requires further investigation?(A) Possible trauma to the eye (B) Possible sexual abuse (C) Presence of an allergy (D) Presence of a respiratory infection
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease. The diagnosis of chlamydia in a child not sexually active should signal the health care provider to assess the signs of possible sexual abuse.
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- The nurse is caring for a newborn with a suspected diagnosis of imperforated anus.
Which clinical manifestation is associated with this defect?(A) Bile-stained fecal emesis (B) The passage of current jelly stools (C) Failure to pass meconium stool in the first 24 hours after birth (D) Sausage-shaped mass in the upper right quadrant
Correct Answer: (C)
Rationale: This is a defect where incomplete development or absence of the anus occurs.
- A 9-month-old child is seen in the well clinic. Which of the following behaviors
would the nurse expect to see? SATA (A) Plays peek-a-boo (B) Walks independently (C) Feeds self with a spoon (D) Stacks 2 blocks together (E) Transfers objects from hand to hand
Correct Answer: A, E
Rationale: Walks independently at 15 months; feeds self with spoon at 18 months; stacks 2 blocks together at 18 months.
- The nurse is watching two siblings, ages 7 and 9 years of age, verbally arguing over a
toy. The nurse has counseled the parents before about how to handle the situation.The nurse should judge that the teaching has been effective when the parent takes which action?(A) Tell the siblings to stop arguing and shake hands (B) Ignores the arguing and continues what she is doing (C) Tells the children they will be punished when they go home (D) Says they will not go out to lunch now since they have argued
Correct Answer: (B)
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Rationale: The best approach by the mother is not to interfere. The children need to learn how to solve disagreements on their own. If the parents always intervene, the children do not learn how to do this.
- Which drug may be given to newborns to close the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Correct Answer: Indomethacin (prostaglandin inhibitor)
- An infant is born with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and surgery is planned to
correct the defect. The nurse recognizes that surgical correction is designed to achieve which outcome?(A) Stop the flow of deoxygenated blood into systemic circulation (B) Increase the flow of deoxygenated blood to the lungs (C) Prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs (D) Reduce peripheral tissue hypoxia and nail bed clubbing
Correct Answer: (C)
- The school nurse determines a group of young women are in early adolescents
based on the following observation. All of the women:
(A) Have decided on their career path (B) Are dressed in the same-style clothes and have the same hair style (C) Broke curfew by staying out late at a party they went to (D) Brag about drinking beer when their parents were at work
Correct Answer: (B)
Rationale: Peer identity is important at this age.
- After receiving change of shift report, which patient should you assess first?
(A) An 18-month-old with coarctation of the aorta who has decreased pedal pulses (B) A 3-year-old with rheumatic fever who reports severe knee pain (C) A 5-year-old with endocarditis who has crackles throughout both lungs (D) An 8-year-old with Kawasaki's disease who has a fever of 102.2
Correct Answer: (C)
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Rationale: Crackles through the lungs indicate the child has left ventricular failure as a complication of endocarditis. Hypoxemia is likely, so the child needs a rapid respiratory assessment, possible administration of oxygen. The other children should be assessed as quickly as possible, but are not experiencing life-threatening complications.
- Which drug may be given to newborns to keep the ductus arteriosus (PDA) open
until surgery can be performed?
Correct Answer: Prostaglandin E
- What priority assessment should the nurse perform before administering the IV
solution 5?xtrose and 0.9% NS with 20 mEq KLC / liter in a child with hypotonic dehydration?(A) Weight (B) Temperature (C) Blood pressure (D) Urine output
Correct Answer: (D)
Rationale: Potassium should never be administered in the presence of oliguria or anuria or if the urine output is less than 1-2 mL/kg per hour.
- An 11-month-old is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea. The nurse
explains to the infant's mother that diarrhea is best defined on the basis of which?(A) Odor of the stool (B) Amount of the stool (C) Frequency of the stool (D) Consistency of stool
Correct Answer: (D)
Rationale: Loose or watery stool indicates diarrhea.
- A child with nephrotic syndrome is receiving corticosteroids. Which of the
following statements by the parent would cause the nurse to reinforce the instructions? SATA (A) "My child's blood pressure is good because of the steroids"
