HESI Case Study Gerontology: Age-Related Risks Correct and Verified Answers Graded A

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HESI Case Study Gerontology: Age-Related Risks

Correct and Verified Answers Graded A

Question 1 The nurse formulates Mr. Rogers' plan of care and notes that teaching should be initiated related to Mr. Rogers' diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The nurse understands that which symptoms are associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy?

• Reduced ability to feel pain or temperature in the extremities.
• Frequent UTIs or incontinence.
• Muscle weakness and difficulty walking.
• Problems with erectile dysfunction.
• Extreme sensitivity to touch.

Correct Answer: Reduced ability to feel pain or temperature in the extremities.

Question 2 With the understanding that Mr. Rogers' eating habits lack consistency, which physiological facts about the client's nutrition are most concerning to the nurse?

• The stage II non-healing ulcer on the client's right heel could require amputation.
• The development of hypoglycemia could be life-threatening.
• Lack of exercise and activity require less nutritional nutrients.
• Dehydration exacerbated by lack of nutrition.
• Lack of appetite and not wanting to eat alone could lead to malnutrition.

Correct Answer: The stage II non-healing ulcer on the client's right heel could require amputation.

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Question 3 The nurse performs a focused assessment, checks Mr. Rogers' blood glucose with a glucometer, then administers the prescribed dose of insulin during morning medication administration rounds. Which information about the client is of most concern to the nurse?

• Blood glucose rises from 120 mg/dL to 125 mg/dL in 8 hours.
• Washes hands with soap and water and allows alcohol swab wipe to dry before

performing chemstick.

• Reports a new onset of blurry vision.
• Depends on handwritten notes to recall his last blood glucose reading.

Correct Answer: Reports a new onset of blurry vision.

Question 4 The nurse reports Mr. Rogers' blurry vision to his HCP, who then evaluates and treats Mr.Rogers for worsening diabetic retinopathy. Which other symptoms should the nurse expect to find in a client with a diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy?

• Reports of floaters.
• Loss of vision.
• Jaundice of the sclera.
• Difficulty with color perception.
• Pupil fixation.

Correct Answer:

• Reports of floaters.• Loss of vision.• Difficulty with color perception.

Question 5

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During Mr. Rogers' hospital stay, the HCP prescribes an insulin pen to replace Mr. Rogers' insulin syringes and insulin vials. The nurse understands that which information is correct regarding the prescribed insulin?

• Glargine (Lantus) is rapid-acting insulin typically administered 15 minutes before meals.
• Lispro (Humalog) is intermediate-acting insulin that peaks in 4 to 10 hours.
• Glargine (Lantus) does not have a peak interval.
• Lispro (Humalog) is typically given at bedtime on an empty stomach.

Correct Answer: Glargine (Lantus) does not have a peak interval.

Question 6 The nurse making rounds finds Mr. Rogers unresponsive. His vital signs are BP 92/60 mmHg, apical pulse 135 beats/min, T 100.4° F (38.0° C). His chemstick reading is high.What conditions, other than hyperglycemia, might Mr. Rogers have?

• Hypernatremia.
• Hypervolemia.
• Ketonuria.
• Osmotic diuresis.
• Glycosuria.

Correct Answer:

• Ketonuria.• Osmotic diuresis.• Glycosuria.

Question 7 Based on the information gathered during the nurse's assessment, the HCP prescribes low doses of regular insulin by continuous IV infusion. In addition to the insulin, which of the following immediate measures would be indicated in the treatment of Mr. Rogers?

• Potassium supplements.

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• Sodium bicarbonate.
• 0.9% normal saline.

Correct Answer: All of the above (Potassium supplements, Sodium bicarbonate, and 0.9% normal saline).

Question 8 The HCP writes a prescription to follow hospital protocol for an insulin drip to begin for Mr.Rogers, who currently weighs 226 lbs (102.7 kg) and whose blood glucose level is 312 mg/dL. The pharmacy sends a pre-mixed insulin drip with 100 units of regular insulin in 100 mL of 0.9% normal saline.

Protocol: Blood Glucose 300 to 329 = 4 Units/hr.

The nurse sets the insulin drip to deliver how many mL/hr?

Correct Answer: 4 mL/hr.

Question 9 Mr. Rogers is placed on an EKG monitor because of a concern about hypokalemia. Which pattern should the nurse report immediately to the HCP?

• ST depression and "U" waves.
• Sinus tachycardia.
• Sinus bradycardia.
• Sinus arrhythmia.

Correct Answer: ST depression and "U" waves.

Question 10 The HCP prescribes arterial blood gases to be drawn as well as serum electrolytes. Which lab value needs to be reported immediately?

• Serum creatinine 1.2 mg/dL.
• Arterial pH 7.05.