{"id":30628,"date":"2025-06-21T19:09:03","date_gmt":"2025-06-21T19:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/?p=30628"},"modified":"2025-06-21T19:09:04","modified_gmt":"2025-06-21T19:09:04","slug":"chloral-cicch3o-reacts-with-water-to-form-the-sedative-and-hypnotic-agent-chloral-hydrate-cicchoh2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/chloral-cicch3o-reacts-with-water-to-form-the-sedative-and-hypnotic-agent-chloral-hydrate-cicchoh2\/","title":{"rendered":"Chloral (CICCH3O) reacts with water to form the sedative and hypnotic agent chloral hydrate (CICCH(OH)2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Chloral (CICCH3O) reacts with water to form the sedative and hypnotic agent chloral hydrate (CICCH(OH)2). Draw Lewis structures for each of the reactants and products in this reaction and calculate \u00ce\u201dH for the reaction in the gas phase given the bond energies below. Bond C-C C-H C-Cl O-H C-O C=O Bond Energy (kJ\/mol) 347 414 339 467 358 745<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">The Correct Answer and Explanation is:<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Correct Answer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Draw Lewis Structures<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Chloral (Cl\u2083C\u2013CHO)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cl\u2083C group: A carbon (central) single-bonded to three Cl atoms and one C (of CHO group)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CHO group: The second carbon double-bonded to one oxygen and single-bonded to one hydrogen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chloral Hydrate (Cl\u2083C\u2013CH(OH)\u2082)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cl\u2083C group remains the same<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Central carbon is bonded to one hydrogen and two OH groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bond Counting<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chloral Reactant:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1 C\u2013C bond<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 C=O bond<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 C\u2013H bond<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3 C\u2013Cl bonds<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Water Reactant (H\u2082O):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2 O\u2013H bonds<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Total Bonds in Reactants:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u2013C: 1 \u00d7 347 = 347 kJ<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u2013H: 1 \u00d7 414 = 414 kJ<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u2013Cl: 3 \u00d7 339 = 1017 kJ<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C=O: 1 \u00d7 745 = 745 kJ<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>O\u2013H: 2 \u00d7 467 = 934 kJ<br><strong>Total: 347 + 414 + 1017 + 745 + 934 = 3457 kJ<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chloral Hydrate Product:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1 C\u2013C bond<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 C\u2013H bond<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3 C\u2013Cl bonds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 C\u2013O bonds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 O\u2013H bonds<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Total Bonds in Products:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u2013C: 1 \u00d7 347 = 347 kJ<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u2013H: 1 \u00d7 414 = 414 kJ<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u2013Cl: 3 \u00d7 339 = 1017 kJ<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u2013O: 2 \u00d7 358 = 716 kJ<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>O\u2013H: 2 \u00d7 467 = 934 kJ<br><strong>Total: 347 + 414 + 1017 + 716 + 934 = 3428 kJ<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0394H = Bonds broken \u2013 Bonds formed = 3457 \u2013 3428 = +29 kJ<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this problem, we are examining a chemical reaction between chloral (Cl\u2083C\u2013CHO) and water (H\u2082O) that forms chloral hydrate (Cl\u2083C\u2013CH(OH)\u2082). To determine the enthalpy change (\u0394H) of the reaction in the gas phase, we use average bond energies. The enthalpy change is calculated using the formula:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0394H = Total bond energy of bonds broken \u2013 Total bond energy of bonds formed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, we identify and count the types of bonds in the reactants. In chloral, we have one carbon-carbon bond, one carbon-hydrogen bond, three carbon-chlorine bonds, and one carbon-oxygen double bond. Water adds two O\u2013H bonds to the reactants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, we examine chloral hydrate. Its structure has the same Cl\u2083C backbone, one carbon-hydrogen bond, two carbon-oxygen single bonds (replacing the original C=O), and two O\u2013H bonds, now part of hydroxyl groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We then multiply each bond type by its given bond energy and sum these to get the total energy for the bonds in both the reactants and products. Subtracting the total bond energy of the products from that of the reactants gives us the net enthalpy change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our result, \u0394H = +29 kJ, indicates that the reaction is slightly endothermic in the gas phase, meaning it absorbs a small amount of energy. This suggests that although the products are stable, the formation of chloral hydrate from chloral and water requires energy input when not in solution. This analysis is crucial for understanding reaction energetics and is especially relevant for pharmaceutical compound synthesis and application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"722\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/learnexams-banner10-188.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30629\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/learnexams-banner10-188.jpeg 722w, https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/learnexams-banner10-188-212x300.jpeg 212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chloral (CICCH3O) reacts with water to form the sedative and hypnotic agent chloral hydrate (CICCH(OH)2). Draw Lewis structures for each of the reactants and products in this reaction and calculate \u00ce\u201dH for the reaction in the gas phase given the bond energies below. Bond C-C C-H C-Cl O-H C-O C=O Bond Energy (kJ\/mol) 347 414 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quiz-questions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30628"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30628\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30630,"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30628\/revisions\/30630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}