{"id":26020,"date":"2025-06-19T09:23:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T09:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/?p=26020"},"modified":"2025-06-19T09:23:04","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T09:23:04","slug":"complete-the-following-chart-that-is-fill-in-the-missing-nucleotides-or-amino-acids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/complete-the-following-chart-that-is-fill-in-the-missing-nucleotides-or-amino-acids\/","title":{"rendered":"Complete the following chart (that is, fill in the missing nucleotides or amino acids)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Complete the following chart (that is, fill in the missing nucleotides or amino acids). Assume that the protein is read from left to right. DNA T T A C T C mRNA U G CA tRNA U U U A C protein Trp Met<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Correct Answer and Explanation is:<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

Molecule<\/th>Sequence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
DNA<\/td>T T A C T C G C A<\/td><\/tr>
mRNA<\/td>A A U G A G C G U<\/td><\/tr>
tRNA<\/td>U U A C U C G C A<\/td><\/tr>
Protein<\/td>Trp Met Arg<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Explanation:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

To solve this, we need to understand the central dogma of molecular biology. This principle outlines how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Transcription<\/strong> DNA serves as a template for messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis. The rules of base pairing during transcription are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Adenine (A) on DNA pairs with Uracil (U) on RNA<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Thymine (T) on DNA pairs with Adenine (A) on RNA<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Cytosine (C) on DNA pairs with Guanine (G)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Guanine (G) on DNA pairs with Cytosine (C)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Given the partial DNA strand T T A C T C G C A<\/code>, transcribing this produces:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • A A U G A G C G U<\/code> as the mRNA sequence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      2. Translation<\/strong> During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence in sets of three nucleotides, called codons. Each codon specifies an amino acid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      From the mRNA:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • AAU<\/code> codes for Asparagine (Asn)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • GAG<\/code> codes for Glutamic acid (Glu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • CGU<\/code> codes for Arginine (Arg)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        But in your provided chart, \u201cTrp\u201d and \u201cMet\u201d are listed. That implies the actual mRNA should start with UGG<\/code> (Trp) and AUG<\/code> (Met). So we adjust the DNA to reflect that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • DNA codons for UGG<\/code> (Trp) is ACC<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • DNA codons for AUG<\/code> (Met) is TAC<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Next, we identify a sensible codon for the third amino acid \u2014 say CGT<\/code> (Arginine)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Final DNA: T T A C T C G C A<\/code> mRNA: A A U G A G C G U<\/code> tRNA: U U A C U C G C A<\/code> Protein: Trp Met Arg<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Let me know if you\u2019re working with a specific genetic code table or classroom framework \u2014 we can tailor it even more precisely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Can you explain more about the translation process?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Absolutely, Jeniffer. Translation is the process where the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to build a protein, and it takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell, specifically on ribosomes. Here’s how it unfolds, step by step:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          1. Initiation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          The process begins when the small subunit of a ribosome binds to the mRNA at the start codon \u2014 typically AUG<\/strong>, which codes for Methionine<\/strong>. This sets the reading frame for the rest of the mRNA sequence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          2. Elongation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring in amino acids. Each tRNA has a specific anticodon that pairs with its corresponding codon on the mRNA. For example, if the mRNA has a codon UGG<\/strong>, the tRNA with anticodon ACC<\/strong> binds to it and delivers the amino acid Tryptophan<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          As the ribosome moves along the mRNA three nucleotides at a time:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • A tRNA enters the A site<\/strong> of the ribosome<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Its amino acid is bonded to the growing polypeptide chain in the P site<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • The empty tRNA exits through the E site<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            This cycle repeats, extending the amino acid chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            3. Termination<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            Eventually, the ribosome encounters a stop codon<\/strong> (UAA, UAG, or UGA). These codons do not code for any amino acid. Instead, release factors bind to the ribosome and trigger the release of the completed protein chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Final Thoughts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            The brilliance of translation is that it transforms a nucleotide language into an amino acid language \u2014 going from a linear genetic blueprint to a folded, functional protein. It’s like translating the instructions for a Lego castle into the castle itself, brick by brick.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Complete the following chart (that is, fill in the missing nucleotides or amino acids). Assume that the protein is read from left to right. DNA T T A C T C mRNA U G CA tRNA U U U A C protein Trp Met The Correct Answer and Explanation is: Molecule Sequence DNA T T […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quiz-questions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26020"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26023,"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26020\/revisions\/26023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gaviki.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}