Which type of molecule is used by organisms to store and transmit genetic information? A. nucleic acids B. proteins C. lipids D. carbohydrates
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: A. nucleic acids
Nucleic acids are the type of molecule used by organisms to store and transmit genetic information. There are two main types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). These molecules are essential for the functioning, reproduction, and inheritance of all living things.
DNA is the molecule that carries the instructions an organism needs to grow, develop, survive, and reproduce. It is found in the nucleus of cells and is made up of long chains of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these nitrogenous bases—adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine—forms the genetic code. This code determines the structure and function of proteins, which perform most of the work inside cells.
RNA also plays a critical role in the process of translating genetic information from DNA into proteins. While DNA stores the long-term instructions, RNA acts as a messenger that carries the information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are made. RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the base uracil instead of thymine.
In contrast, proteins are responsible for carrying out various functions within the cell, such as catalyzing chemical reactions, signaling, and providing structure. Lipids are mainly used for energy storage and forming cell membranes. Carbohydrates serve as a primary energy source and also play roles in cell recognition and signaling.
Thus, among all biological macromolecules, only nucleic acids have the unique function of storing and transmitting genetic information. This function is vital for inheritance, reproduction, and cellular regulation, making nucleic acids fundamental to all forms of life.