which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize
The correct answer and explanation is:
The type of bond that must be broken for water to vaporize is the hydrogen bond.
Water is a polar molecule, meaning that the oxygen atom has a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atoms have partial positive charges. This polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds, which are a type of weak intermolecular force. In these bonds, the positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the negative oxygen atom of another water molecule.
For water to vaporize, the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules must be broken. This occurs when the water is heated, increasing the kinetic energy of the molecules. As the temperature rises, the molecules move more rapidly, and eventually, they have enough energy to overcome the hydrogen bonds that hold them together in the liquid state. Once these bonds are broken, the water molecules can escape into the air as gas, forming water vapor.
It is important to note that the breaking of hydrogen bonds during vaporization requires energy, which is known as the latent heat of vaporization. This is the amount of heat required to convert a liquid into a gas without changing its temperature. In the case of water, this heat is used to break the hydrogen bonds rather than increasing the kinetic energy of the molecules (which would raise the temperature).
In summary, the hydrogen bonds must be broken for water to vaporize. The energy required to break these bonds is essential for converting liquid water into water vapor, and this process plays a significant role in many natural phenomena, including weather patterns and the water cycle.