Which part of the government was concerned with issues pertaining to commerce, defense, and international trade during the age of dual federalism?
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is the federal government.
During the age of dual federalism, which generally spanned from the late 18th century to the early 20th century in the United States, the federal government and state governments had clearly defined and separate areas of responsibility. This period is often described as a “layer cake” federalism because each level of government operated independently within its own sphere.
The federal government was primarily concerned with issues related to national interests such as commerce between states and with other countries, defense including maintaining a national military, and managing international trade. These responsibilities were grounded in the Constitution, which grants the federal government certain enumerated powers, including regulating interstate commerce, conducting foreign policy, and providing for the common defense.
Commerce regulation was especially important during this period because the growing nation needed a unified economic system to support trade across state lines and with other countries. The federal government used its power to regulate interstate commerce to create a consistent legal and economic framework. Defense was another critical concern; the federal government maintained the military forces necessary to protect the nation from external threats and to uphold national security. International trade policies and agreements were also handled at the federal level to promote and protect American economic interests abroad.
State governments, in contrast, managed more local issues such as education, law enforcement, and local infrastructure. This clear division of powers allowed each level of government to focus on its respective duties without excessive overlap.
In summary, during the age of dual federalism, the federal government was responsible for commerce, defense, and international trade because these areas required coordination and regulation on a national level to ensure the country’s stability, security, and economic growth.