Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Sarcopenia and body composition changes seen in older adults
A. weight stays relatively stable because muscle is replaced by fat
B. it is associated with a loss of fat-free tissue and increase in lean
C. body mass body composition changes are irreversible
D. physical activity does little to prevent their onset and progression
The correct answer and explanation is :
Correct Answer: A. Weight stays relatively stable because muscle is replaced by fat.
Explanation (Approximately 300 words):
Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, and it is a common feature of aging that significantly impacts body composition in older adults. As people age, particularly after the age of 30, they begin to lose muscle mass at a rate of approximately 3–8% per decade, with the process accelerating after the age of 60.
Option A is true because, although there is a decline in muscle mass (which is more metabolically active and denser than fat), this muscle is often replaced by fat tissue. This leads to a situation where overall body weight may remain relatively stable, despite significant changes in body composition. The replacement of muscle with fat contributes to a condition known as “sarcopenic obesity”, where individuals have both reduced muscle mass and increased fat mass, compounding health risks such as falls, frailty, and metabolic disorders.
Option B is incorrect because sarcopenia is actually associated with a loss of lean (fat-free) mass, particularly muscle, not an increase.
Option C is false because body composition changes due to sarcopenia are not entirely irreversible. While aging is inevitable, lifestyle interventions such as resistance training, adequate protein intake, and physical activity can slow or even partially reverse muscle loss and improve function.
Option D is also incorrect because physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, plays a significant role in both preventing and mitigating sarcopenia. Regular exercise improves muscle strength, maintains muscle mass, enhances balance, and reduces the risk of falls and disability.
In summary, the most accurate statement is A, highlighting that weight may remain stable in older adults due to fat replacing muscle, masking the detrimental body composition changes occurring beneath the surface.