which of the following perceive stressful situations as challenges instead of threats? a. Fight of flight b. Resourcefulness c. Proactive coping d. Tend and befriend e. Fawning
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: c. Proactive coping
Explanation (300 words):
Proactive coping refers to a forward-thinking psychological strategy where individuals anticipate potential stressors and take steps in advance to prevent or mitigate their impact. Unlike reactive coping, which addresses problems after they occur, proactive coping involves preparation, planning, and goal setting to deal with potential challenges before they become overwhelming. Individuals who use proactive coping mechanisms tend to perceive stressful situations as challenges to overcome rather than threats to fear.
This mindset is powerful because it frames adversity as an opportunity for growth and learning. Such individuals are more likely to take initiative, maintain motivation, and build resilience over time. For example, a student preparing early for an exam, or someone building financial savings in anticipation of unforeseen expenses, is engaging in proactive coping.
By contrast:
- a. Fight or flight is a physiological stress response triggered by perceived threats, not a coping strategy that views challenges positively.
- b. Resourcefulness refers to the ability to find quick and clever ways to overcome difficulties, but it doesn’t necessarily include the anticipatory and preventive aspects of proactive coping.
- d. Tend and befriend is a stress response strategy (mainly seen in females) involving seeking social support and nurturing behavior, especially during times of threat—not necessarily proactive.
- e. Fawning is a trauma response involving people-pleasing to avoid conflict, often driven by fear and anxiety, and does not frame situations as positive challenges.
In summary, proactive coping is the strategy most associated with viewing stress as a challenge rather than a threat. It empowers individuals to prepare, act in advance, and thrive in the face of potential stressors, enhancing long-term well-being and success.