Which of the following must confirm all federal judges?
the Supreme Court
the Senate
the states
the House of Representatives
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: the Senate
The United States Senate must confirm all federal judges. This process is part of the checks and balances established in the U.S. Constitution to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful.
According to Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, the President has the power to nominate federal judges, including justices of the Supreme Court. However, these nominations do not become official appointments unless the Senate gives its “advice and consent.” This means that after a judge is nominated, the Senate Judiciary Committee first holds hearings to review the nominee’s qualifications, background, and legal views. Witnesses may be called, and the nominee may be questioned extensively. After the hearings, the committee votes on whether to recommend the nominee to the full Senate.
Once the nomination reaches the full Senate, a majority vote is required to confirm the judge. If a majority of senators vote in favor, the nominee is confirmed and appointed to the federal bench. If the Senate votes against the nominee or does not act on the nomination, the person cannot be appointed.
The House of Representatives has no role in the confirmation process of federal judges. Similarly, the states do not participate in federal judicial confirmations. The Supreme Court, while part of the federal judiciary, does not confirm other judges either.
This confirmation process is important because it ensures that federal judges, who have lifetime appointments and influence the interpretation of laws, are thoroughly vetted and approved by elected representatives. It is one of the ways the legislative branch exercises oversight over the executive branch, reinforcing the principle of separation of powers within the federal government.