Which of the following is true of water soluble vitamins in general?
They are considered macronutrients.
Structurally, they are linked together.
Some yield energy.
They help enzymes participate in release of energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
The correct answer and explanation is :
Correct Answer:
They help enzymes participate in release of energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Explanation (300 words):
Water-soluble vitamins are a group of essential nutrients that dissolve in water and are not stored in large amounts in the body. This includes the B-complex vitamins (such as B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, folate, biotin, and pantothenic acid) and vitamin C. Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, which can be stored in the liver and fatty tissues, water-soluble vitamins must be consumed regularly in the diet because they are quickly excreted in the urine when consumed in excess.
The primary role of many water-soluble vitamins is to act as coenzymes, which are compounds that help enzymes function properly. Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body, including those involved in metabolism. Many B vitamins play a direct role in helping enzymes release energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, making them essential for maintaining energy levels and proper cellular function.
For example, vitamin B1 (thiamin) is essential for converting glucose into energy. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and B3 (niacin) play key roles in the electron transport chain, a process central to energy production. Vitamin B6 is crucial for amino acid metabolism, and pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A, which is vital for fatty acid metabolism.
The other answer choices are incorrect for the following reasons:
- “They are considered macronutrients” is false. Water-soluble vitamins are micronutrients because they are needed in small amounts.
- “Structurally, they are linked together” is incorrect. Each vitamin has a unique chemical structure and function.
- “Some yield energy” is also false. Vitamins themselves do not provide energy (calories); rather, they help in the metabolic processes that release energy from food.
In summary, water-soluble vitamins are vital because they assist enzymes in extracting energy from macronutrients, supporting numerous bodily functions.