Which of the following is considered a nonbonding atomic solid? A) I
B) Li C) Ne D) Ca E) Sn
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is C) Ne.
Neon (Ne) is classified as a nonbonding atomic solid, which is a type of atomic solid composed of atoms that do not form significant chemical bonds with each other. These solids are held together by extremely weak London dispersion forces, also known as instantaneous dipole-induced dipole attractions. Neon is a noble gas with a complete octet of electrons in its outer shell. This configuration makes it chemically inert, meaning it does not tend to form bonds under standard conditions.
In the solid state, neon atoms adopt a crystalline structure in which the individual atoms are arranged in a lattice. However, because they lack any type of meaningful bonding, the interactions between atoms are purely physical rather than chemical. This results in a very low melting point and boiling point, characteristics typical of nonbonding atomic solids.
Let us consider why the other choices do not qualify:
- A) I₂: Iodine forms a molecular solid. Although it is made up of neutral I₂ molecules held together by van der Waals forces, each molecule involves a covalent bond between the two iodine atoms.
- B) Li: Lithium is a metallic solid. It consists of a lattice of positively charged metal cations surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons, which accounts for its electrical conductivity and metallic bonding.
- D) Ca: Calcium, like lithium, forms a metallic solid with strong metallic bonding among its atoms.
- E) Sn: Tin can form either metallic or network covalent solids depending on its allotrope, but both types involve significant bonding interactions.
Among these options, only neon fits the definition of a nonbonding atomic solid, thanks to its noble gas status and lack of interatomic bonding in the solid phase.
