Which of the following is a major contributor of calories with little nutrient density in American diets?
A Fresh fruits
B Diet soft drinks
C Whole grain breakfast cereals
D Sugar-sweetened beverages
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is: D. Sugar-sweetened beverages
Explanation:
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major contributor to calorie intake in the American diet but offer little to no nutrient density. Nutrient density refers to the amount of beneficial nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, fiber, and protein relative to the number of calories a food or drink provides. SSBs, such as regular soda, fruit punches, energy drinks, and sweetened teas, contain high amounts of added sugars that supply calories but virtually no essential nutrients.
Why are sugar-sweetened beverages a problem?
- High Caloric Content with Low Nutrients:
These drinks add a significant number of “empty calories,” meaning calories without vitamins, minerals, fiber, or protein that support bodily functions or health. For example, a 12-ounce can of regular soda can have about 140 calories, almost all from added sugars, without any vitamins or minerals. - Contribution to Obesity and Chronic Diseases:
Consuming excess calories from SSBs is strongly linked to weight gain and obesity, which increases the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. Unlike calories from whole foods, liquid calories are less satiating, which means people often do not compensate by eating less food, leading to overall higher calorie intake. - Contrast with Other Options:
- Fresh fruits (A) provide calories but are rich in fiber, vitamins (like vitamin C), minerals, and antioxidants, making them nutrient-dense.
- Diet soft drinks (B) generally contain artificial sweeteners instead of calories, so they contribute little or no calories, though their health impact is debated.
- Whole grain breakfast cereals (C) often provide fiber, B vitamins, iron, and other nutrients, making them more nutrient-dense compared to sugary beverages.
In summary, sugar-sweetened beverages are a primary source of excessive calories with minimal nutritional benefits in many American diets, contributing to poor dietary quality and adverse health outcomes. Reducing consumption of these beverages is a key public health goal to improve nutrition and reduce chronic disease risk.