Which lipid has the greatest influence on blood cholesterol levels? a. omega-6 fatty acids b. monounsaturated fat c. saturated fat d. polyunsaturated fat
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: c. saturated fat
Saturated fat has the greatest influence on blood cholesterol levels among the lipids listed. These fats are typically solid at room temperature and are found in animal products like butter, cheese, red meat, and full-fat dairy, as well as in some plant-based oils such as coconut and palm oil.
Saturated fats raise the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood. LDL cholesterol is often referred to as “bad cholesterol” because high levels of it can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries. This buildup narrows the arteries and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attack and stroke. Multiple studies have consistently shown that diets high in saturated fat contribute significantly to elevated total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels.
In contrast, monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats can have a beneficial effect on heart health when used in place of saturated fats. Monounsaturated fats, found in olive oil, avocados, and certain nuts, help lower LDL cholesterol while maintaining or even increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which is known as “good cholesterol.” Polyunsaturated fats, found in vegetable oils and fish, can also reduce LDL cholesterol levels.
Omega-6 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fat. While they are essential for health and play a role in lowering LDL cholesterol, excessive consumption without a balance of omega-3 fatty acids may lead to inflammation.
To promote heart health, experts recommend limiting saturated fat intake to less than 10 percent of daily calories, and preferably closer to 5 to 6 percent for those at risk of heart disease. Replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fats is an effective dietary strategy to lower cholesterol and reduce cardiovascular risk.