Which is the correct order of primary succession
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
Correct Answer:
Bare rock → Lichens → Mosses → Grasses → Shrubs → Trees
Explanation:
Primary succession is the process by which ecosystems develop in areas that initially lack soil and vegetation. This occurs in places where no previous life existed, such as after a volcanic eruption, glacier retreat, or the formation of new land. The process begins with bare rock and gradually leads to the development of a mature and stable ecosystem.
The first step in primary succession is the presence of bare rock, which has no soil and cannot support plant life. Over time, lichens begin to colonize the rock. Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae; they are able to survive in harsh conditions and play a crucial role in breaking down the rock into smaller particles.
As lichens break down the rock and organic matter accumulates from their decay, mosses can take hold. Mosses help further the process of soil formation and retain moisture, creating a more suitable environment for other plants.
Once a thin layer of soil is established, grasses begin to grow. These plants have more complex root systems and contribute to further soil development through the decay of roots and leaves.
As the soil continues to deepen and become richer in nutrients, shrubs can take root. These woody plants add even more organic matter to the soil, creating conditions suitable for the final stage of succession.
The final stage involves the growth of trees, which form a climax community. This mature ecosystem may consist of a diverse range of plant and animal species. The type of climax community that develops depends on the climate and environmental conditions of the area.
Primary succession is a slow process, often taking hundreds to thousands of years. It demonstrates the remarkable ability of life to gradually transform barren environments into rich, biodiverse ecosystems.
