Which hormone interaction is correctly paired with its meaning?
to.
Synergistic effects: One hormone enhances the target organ’s response to a second later
hormone
b. Permissive effects: One hormone opposes the action of another
Permissive effects: Multiple hormones act together for greater effect
d.Antagonistic effects: One hormone opposes the action of another
Synergistic effects: One hormone opposes the
action of anotherx
The correct answer and explanation is :
The correct answer is:
d. Antagonistic effects: One hormone opposes the action of another
Explanation (Approx. 300 words):
Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands that regulate physiological processes in the body. Their interactions with each other can be classified into three main types: synergistic, permissive, and antagonistic effects. Understanding these relationships is crucial for grasping how the endocrine system maintains homeostasis.
Antagonistic effects, as stated in option d, occur when one hormone opposes the action of another. For example, insulin lowers blood glucose levels by promoting cellular uptake of glucose, while glucagon raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose. These two hormones work in opposite directions to maintain glucose balance in the body.
In contrast, synergistic effects involve two or more hormones working together to produce a stronger response than either could alone. For example, the combination of glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol can greatly increase blood glucose during stress compared to the effect of any one of them by itself.
Permissive effects occur when one hormone enhances the response of a target cell to a second hormone, even though the first hormone might not have a direct effect on the target itself. For instance, thyroid hormone increases the number of receptors for epinephrine in cells, thereby allowing epinephrine to have a greater effect (like increased heart rate).
Incorrect options:
- Option a describes a permissive effect, not synergistic.
- Option b mislabels an antagonistic effect as permissive.
- Option c defines synergistic effects but labels them as permissive.
- Option e (if intended as part of the question) incorrectly describes a synergistic effect as antagonistic.
In conclusion, the correct pairing is antagonistic effects: one hormone opposes the action of another, as it accurately describes a key type of hormone interaction essential for maintaining balance in bodily functions.