What structural joint changes are common in older people?
The correct answer and explanation is:
As people age, several structural changes occur in the joints due to the wear and tear that comes with time. These changes often lead to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility. Common structural joint changes in older individuals include:
- Cartilage Degeneration: Cartilage, the smooth tissue that cushions the ends of bones, tends to wear down with age. This condition, known as osteoarthritis, is one of the most prevalent joint issues in older adults. The loss of cartilage leads to bone-on-bone contact, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness.
- Joint Inflammation: Chronic inflammation in joints, often associated with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, can become more pronounced with age. This inflammation leads to further joint damage and deformities. Inflammatory processes may result in the thickening of synovial fluid, which contributes to joint pain and stiffness.
- Decreased Synovial Fluid: Synovial fluid is responsible for lubricating the joints. As people age, the production of this fluid decreases, leading to less lubrication in the joints. This reduction can result in friction between the bones, causing discomfort and limiting range of motion.
- Bone Changes: Bone density often decreases with age, a condition known as osteoporosis. This can make bones more fragile and susceptible to fractures, especially in the joints. As bone density declines, the joint surfaces may also become irregular or uneven, further contributing to joint dysfunction.
- Changes in Ligaments and Tendons: Tendons and ligaments lose their elasticity with age, leading to reduced flexibility and joint instability. This makes older individuals more prone to strains, sprains, and joint misalignments.
- Spinal Changes: In the spine, aging often leads to degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs, causing them to lose water content and become less flexible. This can lead to spinal compression and misalignment, resulting in pain and reduced mobility.
These structural changes are often accompanied by decreased joint function and an increased risk of injury.