What purpose do researchers believe is served by neonates’ extended period of REM sleep? a. It assists the neonate in reducing stress. b. It helps neonates gain weight faster. c. It stimulates brain development. d. It promotes calm behavior.
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is:
c. It stimulates brain development.
Explanation:
Neonates (newborn infants) spend a significantly larger portion of their sleep in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep compared to adults. Research has shown that this extended period of REM sleep serves a crucial developmental function, primarily stimulating brain development.
Why REM Sleep Is Important for Neonates:
- Brain Maturation:
REM sleep is associated with increased brain activity and is thought to play a critical role in neural growth and synaptic plasticity — the process by which neurons form and reorganize connections. During this phase of sleep, the brain exhibits patterns similar to when it is awake, which may encourage the development of essential neural circuits. - Sensory and Cognitive Development:
In neonates, many sensory systems and cognitive abilities are immature at birth. REM sleep provides endogenous (internally generated) stimulation to the brain, which is vital for sensory system maturation. This internally generated stimulation compensates for the neonate’s limited interaction with the external environment, supporting early learning and adaptation. - Memory and Learning:
Although full cognitive memory formation is still developing in neonates, REM sleep is linked with the consolidation of learning and memory in older children and adults. In neonates, it likely sets the foundation for this by facilitating synaptic changes that underlie future learning. - Protective and Developmental Functions:
REM sleep may also protect the developing brain by regulating the balance of neurotransmitters and growth factors essential for healthy development.
Other options and why they are less accurate:
- a. Reducing stress: While sleep overall helps with stress regulation, the primary role of neonatal REM sleep is not stress reduction but brain growth.
- b. Weight gain: Sleep quality can influence growth hormones, but REM sleep’s direct link to weight gain is not well-supported.
- d. Promoting calm behavior: Although sleep promotes calmness, neonates often show active movements during REM sleep, and calm behavior is more associated with non-REM sleep.
In summary, the extended REM sleep period in neonates is believed to be an essential biological mechanism that stimulates brain development, laying the groundwork for sensory, cognitive, and neural functions critical for survival and growth.