What personality structure operates according to the pleasure principle?
A id
B ego
C superego
D psychic sensor
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: A. id
The id is the personality structure that operates according to the pleasure principle. This concept originates from Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which divides the human psyche into three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is present from birth and is the most primitive component of personality. It represents basic drives and instincts, including hunger, thirst, sexual desire, and aggression.
The pleasure principle that governs the id seeks immediate gratification of these instincts and desires, without consideration for reality, social appropriateness, or consequences. The id does not tolerate delay or discomfort, and it wants what it wants instantly. For example, if a person is hungry, the id pushes for food immediately regardless of the situation, such as being in the middle of a class or meeting.
The id operates entirely in the unconscious mind and lacks logic, morality, or a sense of time. It is impulsive and irrational, functioning to reduce tension and increase pleasure. This is in contrast to the ego, which develops later and works under the reality principle, and the superego, which represents internalized moral standards and ideals.
While the id demands instant satisfaction, it is the ego’s job to mediate between the unrealistic demands of the id and the practical demands of the external world. The superego, on the other hand, tries to control the impulses of the id based on societal norms and ethics.
Understanding the id and its role helps explain many impulsive behaviors and internal conflicts individuals experience. It is a critical part of Freud’s theory that illustrates how personality develops and functions throughout life.